We propose an analytical model for cosmology which requires only one parameter as an input. This parameter is the redshift. The model is based on conservation of energy, Planck’s Radiation Law, and the relation between energy and frequency of waves. The model yields the current age of the universe, the age of the universe at the CMB emission, as well as the time histories of its expansion velocity and acceleration. The model also is used to show the existence of a constant energy per unit area, associated with the momentum energy of photons, which generates the pressure that perpetuates the expansion of the universe. The model is completely independent of the ɅCDM model but implicitly includes the effects of gravity. Using the model we show the existence of a constant in nature that under certain assumptions can represent the Hubble constant. We have used the model to derive the Hubble constants measured by Reiss et al. and by the Planck Collaboration. Using the model we show that the path of light in the Planck collaboration measurement is along a circular arc, while the Reiss et al. measurement path is exactly along the chord of the same circular arc. The difference in the light travel times along these two paths matches exactly the difference between the two measured values for the Hubble constant, as measured by Reiss et al. and as measured by the Planck Collaboration. This result explains the cause of tension between the two methods of measurement.
| Published in | American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 11, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12 |
| Page(s) | 51-64 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
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APA Style
Mostaghel, N. (2024). An Analytical Model for Cosmology with a Single Input, the Redshift. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11(2), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12
ACS Style
Mostaghel, N. An Analytical Model for Cosmology with a Single Input, the Redshift. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2024, 11(2), 51-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12
AMA Style
Mostaghel N. An Analytical Model for Cosmology with a Single Input, the Redshift. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2024;11(2):51-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12,
author = {Naser Mostaghel},
title = {An Analytical Model for Cosmology with a Single Input, the Redshift
},
journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {51-64},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20241102.12},
abstract = {We propose an analytical model for cosmology which requires only one parameter as an input. This parameter is the redshift. The model is based on conservation of energy, Planck’s Radiation Law, and the relation between energy and frequency of waves. The model yields the current age of the universe, the age of the universe at the CMB emission, as well as the time histories of its expansion velocity and acceleration. The model also is used to show the existence of a constant energy per unit area, associated with the momentum energy of photons, which generates the pressure that perpetuates the expansion of the universe. The model is completely independent of the ɅCDM model but implicitly includes the effects of gravity. Using the model we show the existence of a constant in nature that under certain assumptions can represent the Hubble constant. We have used the model to derive the Hubble constants measured by Reiss et al. and by the Planck Collaboration. Using the model we show that the path of light in the Planck collaboration measurement is along a circular arc, while the Reiss et al. measurement path is exactly along the chord of the same circular arc. The difference in the light travel times along these two paths matches exactly the difference between the two measured values for the Hubble constant, as measured by Reiss et al. and as measured by the Planck Collaboration. This result explains the cause of tension between the two methods of measurement.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - An Analytical Model for Cosmology with a Single Input, the Redshift AU - Naser Mostaghel Y1 - 2024/07/08 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12 T2 - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics JF - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics JO - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics SP - 51 EP - 64 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-4686 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20241102.12 AB - We propose an analytical model for cosmology which requires only one parameter as an input. This parameter is the redshift. The model is based on conservation of energy, Planck’s Radiation Law, and the relation between energy and frequency of waves. The model yields the current age of the universe, the age of the universe at the CMB emission, as well as the time histories of its expansion velocity and acceleration. The model also is used to show the existence of a constant energy per unit area, associated with the momentum energy of photons, which generates the pressure that perpetuates the expansion of the universe. The model is completely independent of the ɅCDM model but implicitly includes the effects of gravity. Using the model we show the existence of a constant in nature that under certain assumptions can represent the Hubble constant. We have used the model to derive the Hubble constants measured by Reiss et al. and by the Planck Collaboration. Using the model we show that the path of light in the Planck collaboration measurement is along a circular arc, while the Reiss et al. measurement path is exactly along the chord of the same circular arc. The difference in the light travel times along these two paths matches exactly the difference between the two measured values for the Hubble constant, as measured by Reiss et al. and as measured by the Planck Collaboration. This result explains the cause of tension between the two methods of measurement. VL - 11 IS - 2 ER -
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
