Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients

Vito Zepinic; Blagoj Kuzmanovski

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

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Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients

Vito Zepinic, Blagoj Kuzmanovski

Published in American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 22 August 2019 Accepted: 11 September 2019 Published: 24 September 2019

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Abstract

Depression caused by physical dysfunction and associated symptoms as the aftermath of the low back (spinal) injury is commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we have described a relation between depression and lumbosacral injury. In our research, we selected 54 (26 female and 28 male) patients in two different groups: (1) those whose low back injury occurred less than 12 months before research commenced; and (2) those whose injuries occurred more than 12 months before the research (their condition has been considered as a chronic). All of the patients (n=54) were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in order to evaluate their level of depression. The results show that low back (spinal) injured patients suffered depression due to their body discomfort and changed day-to-day capacities. Those who sustained injury more than one year developed an upper level of a moderate depression. However, if not taking any treatment following their psychological disturbances, the patients had suffered a severe depression. Their level of depression increases with a chronicity of the physical pain making also depression as a chronic disorder.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
Page(s)	89-97
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Depression, Low Back Injury, Psychosomatic Symptoms, Dysfunction

References

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APA Style

Vito Zepinic, Blagoj Kuzmanovski. (2019). Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(5), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

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ACS Style

Vito Zepinic; Blagoj Kuzmanovski. Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2019, 8(5), 89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

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AMA Style

Vito Zepinic, Blagoj Kuzmanovski. Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients. Am J Appl Psychol. 2019;8(5):89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11,
  author = {Vito Zepinic and Blagoj Kuzmanovski},
  title = {Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {89-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20190805.11},
  abstract = {Depression caused by physical dysfunction and associated symptoms as the aftermath of the low back (spinal) injury is commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we have described a relation between depression and lumbosacral injury. In our research, we selected 54 (26 female and 28 male) patients in two different groups: (1) those whose low back injury occurred less than 12 months before research commenced; and (2) those whose injuries occurred more than 12 months before the research (their condition has been considered as a chronic). All of the patients (n=54) were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in order to evaluate their level of depression. The results show that low back (spinal) injured patients suffered depression due to their body discomfort and changed day-to-day capacities. Those who sustained injury more than one year developed an upper level of a moderate depression. However, if not taking any treatment following their psychological disturbances, the patients had suffered a severe depression. Their level of depression increases with a chronicity of the physical pain making also depression as a chronic disorder.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients
AU  - Vito Zepinic
AU  - Blagoj Kuzmanovski
Y1  - 2019/09/24
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
AB  - Depression caused by physical dysfunction and associated symptoms as the aftermath of the low back (spinal) injury is commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we have described a relation between depression and lumbosacral injury. In our research, we selected 54 (26 female and 28 male) patients in two different groups: (1) those whose low back injury occurred less than 12 months before research commenced; and (2) those whose injuries occurred more than 12 months before the research (their condition has been considered as a chronic). All of the patients (n=54) were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in order to evaluate their level of depression. The results show that low back (spinal) injured patients suffered depression due to their body discomfort and changed day-to-day capacities. Those who sustained injury more than one year developed an upper level of a moderate depression. However, if not taking any treatment following their psychological disturbances, the patients had suffered a severe depression. Their level of depression increases with a chronicity of the physical pain making also depression as a chronic disorder.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Vito Zepinic

PsychClinic P/L, London, United Kingdom
Blagoj Kuzmanovski

Family Medical Clinic, Sydney, Australia

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APA Style

Vito Zepinic, Blagoj Kuzmanovski. (2019). Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(5), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

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ACS Style

Vito Zepinic; Blagoj Kuzmanovski. Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2019, 8(5), 89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

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AMA Style

Vito Zepinic, Blagoj Kuzmanovski. Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients. Am J Appl Psychol. 2019;8(5):89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11,
  author = {Vito Zepinic and Blagoj Kuzmanovski},
  title = {Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {89-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20190805.11},
  abstract = {Depression caused by physical dysfunction and associated symptoms as the aftermath of the low back (spinal) injury is commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we have described a relation between depression and lumbosacral injury. In our research, we selected 54 (26 female and 28 male) patients in two different groups: (1) those whose low back injury occurred less than 12 months before research commenced; and (2) those whose injuries occurred more than 12 months before the research (their condition has been considered as a chronic). All of the patients (n=54) were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in order to evaluate their level of depression. The results show that low back (spinal) injured patients suffered depression due to their body discomfort and changed day-to-day capacities. Those who sustained injury more than one year developed an upper level of a moderate depression. However, if not taking any treatment following their psychological disturbances, the patients had suffered a severe depression. Their level of depression increases with a chronicity of the physical pain making also depression as a chronic disorder.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients
AU  - Vito Zepinic
AU  - Blagoj Kuzmanovski
Y1  - 2019/09/24
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.11
AB  - Depression caused by physical dysfunction and associated symptoms as the aftermath of the low back (spinal) injury is commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we have described a relation between depression and lumbosacral injury. In our research, we selected 54 (26 female and 28 male) patients in two different groups: (1) those whose low back injury occurred less than 12 months before research commenced; and (2) those whose injuries occurred more than 12 months before the research (their condition has been considered as a chronic). All of the patients (n=54) were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in order to evaluate their level of depression. The results show that low back (spinal) injured patients suffered depression due to their body discomfort and changed day-to-day capacities. Those who sustained injury more than one year developed an upper level of a moderate depression. However, if not taking any treatment following their psychological disturbances, the patients had suffered a severe depression. Their level of depression increases with a chronicity of the physical pain making also depression as a chronic disorder.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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