Distribution and Importance of Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed; Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus; Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed, Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 16 May 2021 Accepted: 2 July 2021 Published: 16 July 2021

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Abstract

Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document, prioritize and know the distribution of fungal diseases of Barley in Ethiopia, to map the spatial distribution area for economically important Barley diseases. Field surveys were carried out at the period of 2017 and 2018/19 main growing season in major Barley growing agroecological zones of the country. From each representative zone of major growing areas, districts were surveyed based on production of Barley fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5-10 km along road side. Each sampling point was checked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. Survey results revealed the prevalence and intensity of different diseases of Barley across all the districts even though at different levels. Among 101 observed fields, Scald was the most prevalent (79.2%) while the overall mean maximum incidence was recorded for Spot blotch (68.4%), the highest percent severity (9.5%) was recorded for loose smut. Initiation of integrated diseases management option at hot spot area of each disease was suggested, in addition to continuously evaluating the new sources of Barley genotypes for further breeding program.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
Page(s)	128-133
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Barley, Fungi, Diseases, Intensity, Prevalence, Survey

References

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[2]	Eticha F, Sinebo W, Grausgruber H. (2010). On Farm Diversity and Characterization of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces in the Highlands of West Shewa, Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 8: 25 - 34.
[3]	Asaad S, Koudsiehb S, Najjarb D. (2014). Improved Method for Detecting Ustilago nuda in Barley Seed. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 47 (2): 149–156.
[4]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency) – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2020). Agricultural Sample Survey 2019/2020 (2012 EC.): Report on Area and Production of Major Crops (private peasant holdings, Meher season).
[5]	MoA (Ministry of Agriculture). (2014). Animal and plant health regulation directorate. Crop variety register. Issue No. 17. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[6]	USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). (2019). World Agricultural Production. United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service, Circular Series WAP 3-19 March 2019.
[7]	Chilot Y, Fekadu A, Woldeyesus S. (1998). Barley-based farming systems in the highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[8]	Bekele Hundie, Kiros Meles, Fekede Abebe, Asnakech Tekalign, Melkamu Ayalew, Getaneh Woldeab, Yonas Worku, Eshetu Belete, Birhanu Bekele. (2011). Achievements in Barley Scald research in Ethiopia. In: Mulatu, B. and Grando, S. (Eds), Barley Research and Development in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the 2_^nd National Barley Research and Development Review Workshop. 28-30 November 2006, HARC, Holetta, Ethiopia. ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria. pp xiv + 391.
[9]	Couture, L. (1980). Assessment of severity of foliage diseases of cereals in cooperative evaluation tests. Can. Plant Dis. Surv, 60 (1), pp. 8-10.
[10]	Steffenson BJ, Hayes PM, Kleinhofs A. (1996). Genetics of seedling and adult plant resistance to net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) and spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92: 552-558.
[11]	Wheeler, B. E. J. (1969). An Introduction to Plant Diseases. Wiley and Sons, London. p. 347.
[12]	Kumar, G. S. A., Kamanna, B. C., Benagi, V. I., & Unit, E. E. (2011). Management of Chrysanthemum Leaf Blight Caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler under Field Condition 11 (1): 553–555.
[13]	Beyene N, and Abera A. (2020). Evaluation of Different Fungicides for the Control of Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) Disease on Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at West Showa Zone, Ethiopia. J Plant Pathol Microbiol 11: 487. doi: 10.35248/ 2157-7471.20.11.487.
[14]	Teklay Abebe Teferi, Muruts Legesse Wubshet and Tsehaye Brhane Aregawi. (2020). Occurrence and intensity of net and spot blotch of barley in South Tigray, Ethiopia. Global Journal of Pests, Diseases and Crop Protection 3 (4), pp. 113-123.
[15]	Kruger, C. and Yorgey, G., 2017. Advances in dryland farming in the Inland Pacific Northwest. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Extension EM108, Washington State University.

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APA Style

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed, Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael. (2021). Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 9(4), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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ACS Style

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed; Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus; Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael. Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2021, 9(4), 128-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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AMA Style

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed, Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael. Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2021;9(4):128-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13,
  author = {Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed and Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus and Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael},
  title = {Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {128-133},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20210904.13},
  abstract = {Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document, prioritize and know the distribution of fungal diseases of Barley in Ethiopia, to map the spatial distribution area for economically important Barley diseases. Field surveys were carried out at the period of 2017 and 2018/19 main growing season in major Barley growing agroecological zones of the country. From each representative zone of major growing areas, districts were surveyed based on production of Barley fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5-10 km along road side. Each sampling point was checked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. Survey results revealed the prevalence and intensity of different diseases of Barley across all the districts even though at different levels. Among 101 observed fields, Scald was the most prevalent (79.2%) while the overall mean maximum incidence was recorded for Spot blotch (68.4%), the highest percent severity (9.5%) was recorded for loose smut. Initiation of integrated diseases management option at hot spot area of each disease was suggested, in addition to continuously evaluating the new sources of Barley genotypes for further breeding program.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia
AU  - Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed
AU  - Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus
AU  - Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael
Y1  - 2021/07/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 128
EP  - 133
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
AB  - Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document, prioritize and know the distribution of fungal diseases of Barley in Ethiopia, to map the spatial distribution area for economically important Barley diseases. Field surveys were carried out at the period of 2017 and 2018/19 main growing season in major Barley growing agroecological zones of the country. From each representative zone of major growing areas, districts were surveyed based on production of Barley fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5-10 km along road side. Each sampling point was checked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. Survey results revealed the prevalence and intensity of different diseases of Barley across all the districts even though at different levels. Among 101 observed fields, Scald was the most prevalent (79.2%) while the overall mean maximum incidence was recorded for Spot blotch (68.4%), the highest percent severity (9.5%) was recorded for loose smut. Initiation of integrated diseases management option at hot spot area of each disease was suggested, in addition to continuously evaluating the new sources of Barley genotypes for further breeding program.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed

Plant Pathology, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Centre, Ambo, Ethiopia
Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus

Plant Pathology, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Centre, Ambo, Ethiopia
Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael

Plant Pathology, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Centre, Ambo, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed, Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael. (2021). Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 9(4), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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ACS Style

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed; Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus; Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael. Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2021, 9(4), 128-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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AMA Style

Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed, Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael. Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2021;9(4):128-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13,
  author = {Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed and Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus and Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael},
  title = {Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {128-133},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20210904.13},
  abstract = {Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document, prioritize and know the distribution of fungal diseases of Barley in Ethiopia, to map the spatial distribution area for economically important Barley diseases. Field surveys were carried out at the period of 2017 and 2018/19 main growing season in major Barley growing agroecological zones of the country. From each representative zone of major growing areas, districts were surveyed based on production of Barley fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5-10 km along road side. Each sampling point was checked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. Survey results revealed the prevalence and intensity of different diseases of Barley across all the districts even though at different levels. Among 101 observed fields, Scald was the most prevalent (79.2%) while the overall mean maximum incidence was recorded for Spot blotch (68.4%), the highest percent severity (9.5%) was recorded for loose smut. Initiation of integrated diseases management option at hot spot area of each disease was suggested, in addition to continuously evaluating the new sources of Barley genotypes for further breeding program.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia
AU  - Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed
AU  - Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus
AU  - Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael
Y1  - 2021/07/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 128
EP  - 133
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210904.13
AB  - Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document, prioritize and know the distribution of fungal diseases of Barley in Ethiopia, to map the spatial distribution area for economically important Barley diseases. Field surveys were carried out at the period of 2017 and 2018/19 main growing season in major Barley growing agroecological zones of the country. From each representative zone of major growing areas, districts were surveyed based on production of Barley fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5-10 km along road side. Each sampling point was checked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. Survey results revealed the prevalence and intensity of different diseases of Barley across all the districts even though at different levels. Among 101 observed fields, Scald was the most prevalent (79.2%) while the overall mean maximum incidence was recorded for Spot blotch (68.4%), the highest percent severity (9.5%) was recorded for loose smut. Initiation of integrated diseases management option at hot spot area of each disease was suggested, in addition to continuously evaluating the new sources of Barley genotypes for further breeding program.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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