Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital

Guira Oumar; Zombre Yacine; Tieno Herve; Drabo Youssouf Joseph

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital

Guira Oumar, Zombre Yacine, Tieno Herve, Drabo Youssouf Joseph

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 8 June 2020 Accepted: 7 July 2020 Published: 23 July 2020

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Abstract

A screening of neurocognitive disorders is required in people living with HIV (PLHIV) to improve their care. We aimed to determine their prevalence, their clinical features and identify their associated factors and their nosology in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more. This cross- sectional study from prospective data was carried out in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital, from February to April, 2019. PLHIV aged 50 years old and more were concerned. Those on antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months were included. Those having a mental dysfunction that did not allow the use of the questionnaire were not included. Baseline data, those relating to HIV, cognitive and daily living capacities assessment, and the nosology of neurocognitive disorders were collected. Daily living capacities were assessed by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score, and the cognitive functions by the Mini Mental State Examination. The Chi-square’s or the Fisher’s test and the Student’s test were used to compare respectively the proportions and the means. The factors for which the p-value was less than 0.20 in a bivariate analysis were included into a logistic regression model for a multivariate analysis with a significance of p set at < 0.05. One hundred and two patients were studied: 46 males (45.1%), 56 females (54.9%). The mean age was 57±5.6 years. The main antecedent was alcohol consumption (34.3%). Fifty-nine patients had a nadir of CD4 below 200 cel/µl. Eighty one HIV1 patients had an undetectable updated viral load. The mean duration since HIV diagnosis was 147±62.0 and that of antiretroviral therapy 130±50.0 months. Twenty four (23.5%) patients had neurocognitive disorders, particularly in the fields of attention (100%) and memory (87.5%). A simultaneous disorder in attention, memory and language was the common phenotype (33.3%). It was Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (66.6%), Minor Neurocognitive Disorders (33.3%). The nosological groups were: “Possible HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)” (95.83%), “Probable HAND” (4.17%), “Certain HAND” and Secondary neurocognitive disorders (0%). In a bivariate analysis, age ≥ 65, male gender, socio-cultural status 3 (NSC3), opportunistic infection, the nadir of CD4 were the factors with a p-value ≤ 0.20. In a multivariate analysis, age (OR=4.55) and NSC3 (OR=2.55) were associated with neurocognitive disorders with respective p-values 0.03 and 0.04. Neurocognitive disorders are not rare in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more in Burkina Faso. However, appropriate assessment tools have to be developed in accordance with the population’s socio-cultural specifities.

Published in	American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16
Page(s)	177-181
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Neurocognitive Disorders, HIV, Sub-Saharan Africa

References

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[7]	Eggers C, Arendt G, Hahn K, Husstedt I. W, Maschke M, Neuen-Jacob E, and al. HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Neurol 2017; 264: 1715-1727.
[8]	Bonnet F, Amieva H, Marquant F et al. Cognitive disorders in HIV-infected patients: are they HIV-related? AIDS 2013; 27: 391-400.
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[10]	Mugendi A. G, Kubo M. N, Nyamu D. G, Mwaniki L. M, Wahome S. K, Haberer J. E. Prevalence and Correlates of Neurocognitive Disorders among HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Kenyan Hospital. Neurology Research International 2019; 1-10.
[11]	Kalafat M, Hugonot Diener L, Poitrenaud J. Standardisation et étalonnage français du Mini Mental State, version GRECO. Revue de Neuropsychologie 2003; 13 (2): 209-236.
[12]	Mwangala P. N, Newton C. R, Abas M, Abubakar A. Screening tools for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. AAS Open Research 2019, 1: 28: 1-22
[13]	Lescure F X, Moulignier A. Troubles cognitifs associés à l’infection VIH. Journal des Anti-infectieux 2014; 16 (2): 64-73.
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[16]	Nyamayaro P, Gouse H, Hakim J, Robbins R. N, Chibanda D. Neurocognitive impairment in treatment experienced adults living with HIV attending primary care clinics in Zimbabwe. BMC Infectious Diseases 2020; 20: 383: 1-20.
[17]	Yusuf J, Hassan A, Mamman A. I, Muktar H. M, Suleiman A. M, Baiyewu O. Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among patients attending a tertiary health facility in northern Nigeria. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 2017; 16 (1): 48-55.
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APA Style

Guira Oumar, Zombre Yacine, Tieno Herve, Drabo Youssouf Joseph. (2020). Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 8(4), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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ACS Style

Guira Oumar; Zombre Yacine; Tieno Herve; Drabo Youssouf Joseph. Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2020, 8(4), 177-181. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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AMA Style

Guira Oumar, Zombre Yacine, Tieno Herve, Drabo Youssouf Joseph. Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. Am J Intern Med. 2020;8(4):177-181. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16,
  author = {Guira Oumar and Zombre Yacine and Tieno Herve and Drabo Youssouf Joseph},
  title = {Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {177-181},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20200804.16},
  abstract = {A screening of neurocognitive disorders is required in people living with HIV (PLHIV) to improve their care. We aimed to determine their prevalence, their clinical features and identify their associated factors and their nosology in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more. This cross- sectional study from prospective data was carried out in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital, from February to April, 2019. PLHIV aged 50 years old and more were concerned. Those on antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months were included. Those having a mental dysfunction that did not allow the use of the questionnaire were not included. Baseline data, those relating to HIV, cognitive and daily living capacities assessment, and the nosology of neurocognitive disorders were collected. Daily living capacities were assessed by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score, and the cognitive functions by the Mini Mental State Examination. The Chi-square’s or the Fisher’s test and the Student’s test were used to compare respectively the proportions and the means. The factors for which the p-value was less than 0.20 in a bivariate analysis were included into a logistic regression model for a multivariate analysis with a significance of p set at < 0.05. One hundred and two patients were studied: 46 males (45.1%), 56 females (54.9%). The mean age was 57±5.6 years. The main antecedent was alcohol consumption (34.3%). Fifty-nine patients had a nadir of CD4 below 200 cel/µl. Eighty one HIV1 patients had an undetectable updated viral load. The mean duration since HIV diagnosis was 147±62.0 and that of antiretroviral therapy 130±50.0 months. Twenty four (23.5%) patients had neurocognitive disorders, particularly in the fields of attention (100%) and memory (87.5%). A simultaneous disorder in attention, memory and language was the common phenotype (33.3%). It was Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (66.6%), Minor Neurocognitive Disorders (33.3%). The nosological groups were: “Possible HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)” (95.83%), “Probable HAND” (4.17%), “Certain HAND” and Secondary neurocognitive disorders (0%). In a bivariate analysis, age ≥ 65, male gender, socio-cultural status 3 (NSC3), opportunistic infection, the nadir of CD4 were the factors with a p-value ≤ 0.20. In a multivariate analysis, age (OR=4.55) and NSC3 (OR=2.55) were associated with neurocognitive disorders with respective p-values 0.03 and 0.04. Neurocognitive disorders are not rare in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more in Burkina Faso. However, appropriate assessment tools have to be developed in accordance with the population’s socio-cultural specifities.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital
AU - Guira Oumar
AU - Zombre Yacine
AU - Tieno Herve
AU - Drabo Youssouf Joseph
Y1 - 2020/07/23
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16
T2 - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP - 177
EP - 181
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-4324
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16
AB - A screening of neurocognitive disorders is required in people living with HIV (PLHIV) to improve their care. We aimed to determine their prevalence, their clinical features and identify their associated factors and their nosology in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more. This cross- sectional study from prospective data was carried out in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital, from February to April, 2019. PLHIV aged 50 years old and more were concerned. Those on antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months were included. Those having a mental dysfunction that did not allow the use of the questionnaire were not included. Baseline data, those relating to HIV, cognitive and daily living capacities assessment, and the nosology of neurocognitive disorders were collected. Daily living capacities were assessed by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score, and the cognitive functions by the Mini Mental State Examination. The Chi-square’s or the Fisher’s test and the Student’s test were used to compare respectively the proportions and the means. The factors for which the p-value was less than 0.20 in a bivariate analysis were included into a logistic regression model for a multivariate analysis with a significance of p set at < 0.05. One hundred and two patients were studied: 46 males (45.1%), 56 females (54.9%). The mean age was 57±5.6 years. The main antecedent was alcohol consumption (34.3%). Fifty-nine patients had a nadir of CD4 below 200 cel/µl. Eighty one HIV1 patients had an undetectable updated viral load. The mean duration since HIV diagnosis was 147±62.0 and that of antiretroviral therapy 130±50.0 months. Twenty four (23.5%) patients had neurocognitive disorders, particularly in the fields of attention (100%) and memory (87.5%). A simultaneous disorder in attention, memory and language was the common phenotype (33.3%). It was Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (66.6%), Minor Neurocognitive Disorders (33.3%). The nosological groups were: “Possible HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)” (95.83%), “Probable HAND” (4.17%), “Certain HAND” and Secondary neurocognitive disorders (0%). In a bivariate analysis, age ≥ 65, male gender, socio-cultural status 3 (NSC3), opportunistic infection, the nadir of CD4 were the factors with a p-value ≤ 0.20. In a multivariate analysis, age (OR=4.55) and NSC3 (OR=2.55) were associated with neurocognitive disorders with respective p-values 0.03 and 0.04. Neurocognitive disorders are not rare in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more in Burkina Faso. However, appropriate assessment tools have to be developed in accordance with the population’s socio-cultural specifities.
VL - 8
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Guira Oumar

Training and Research Unity in Health Sciences, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Zombre Yacine

Internal Medicine Department, Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Tieno Herve

Training and Research Unity in Health Sciences, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Drabo Youssouf Joseph

Training and Research Unity in Health Sciences, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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APA Style

Guira Oumar, Zombre Yacine, Tieno Herve, Drabo Youssouf Joseph. (2020). Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 8(4), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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ACS Style

Guira Oumar; Zombre Yacine; Tieno Herve; Drabo Youssouf Joseph. Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2020, 8(4), 177-181. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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AMA Style

Guira Oumar, Zombre Yacine, Tieno Herve, Drabo Youssouf Joseph. Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. Am J Intern Med. 2020;8(4):177-181. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16,
  author = {Guira Oumar and Zombre Yacine and Tieno Herve and Drabo Youssouf Joseph},
  title = {Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years Old and More in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {177-181},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200804.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20200804.16},
  abstract = {A screening of neurocognitive disorders is required in people living with HIV (PLHIV) to improve their care. We aimed to determine their prevalence, their clinical features and identify their associated factors and their nosology in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more. This cross- sectional study from prospective data was carried out in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital, from February to April, 2019. PLHIV aged 50 years old and more were concerned. Those on antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months were included. Those having a mental dysfunction that did not allow the use of the questionnaire were not included. Baseline data, those relating to HIV, cognitive and daily living capacities assessment, and the nosology of neurocognitive disorders were collected. Daily living capacities were assessed by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score, and the cognitive functions by the Mini Mental State Examination. The Chi-square’s or the Fisher’s test and the Student’s test were used to compare respectively the proportions and the means. The factors for which the p-value was less than 0.20 in a bivariate analysis were included into a logistic regression model for a multivariate analysis with a significance of p set at < 0.05. One hundred and two patients were studied: 46 males (45.1%), 56 females (54.9%). The mean age was 57±5.6 years. The main antecedent was alcohol consumption (34.3%). Fifty-nine patients had a nadir of CD4 below 200 cel/µl. Eighty one HIV1 patients had an undetectable updated viral load. The mean duration since HIV diagnosis was 147±62.0 and that of antiretroviral therapy 130±50.0 months. Twenty four (23.5%) patients had neurocognitive disorders, particularly in the fields of attention (100%) and memory (87.5%). A simultaneous disorder in attention, memory and language was the common phenotype (33.3%). It was Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (66.6%), Minor Neurocognitive Disorders (33.3%). The nosological groups were: “Possible HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)” (95.83%), “Probable HAND” (4.17%), “Certain HAND” and Secondary neurocognitive disorders (0%). In a bivariate analysis, age ≥ 65, male gender, socio-cultural status 3 (NSC3), opportunistic infection, the nadir of CD4 were the factors with a p-value ≤ 0.20. In a multivariate analysis, age (OR=4.55) and NSC3 (OR=2.55) were associated with neurocognitive disorders with respective p-values 0.03 and 0.04. Neurocognitive disorders are not rare in PLHIV aged 50 years old and more in Burkina Faso. However, appropriate assessment tools have to be developed in accordance with the population’s socio-cultural specifities.},
 year = {2020}
}

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