Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review

Debela Diro; Lemi Yadesa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review

Debela Diro, Lemi Yadesa

Published in American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 8 September 2022 Accepted: 12 October 2022 Published: 28 October 2022

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Abstract

The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later the virus was identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND); this disease can induce varying degrees of harm, from a low infection rate to a complete crop failure. The disease is highly prevalent in Ethiopia's main maize-producing provinces, including the Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. In contrast to the main growing season, the disease pressure was greatest during the off-season, due to maize grown under irrigation is probable the only green plant in the area, it attracts a lot of insects and provides a better environment for their migration and reproduction, which speeds up the spread of viruses that cause MLN. Four years of data on MLN prevalence showed a general decrease in the disease's prevalence from 2015 to 2018. The yields were devastated; as the infected plants frequently produced no seed at all, undersized or malformed ears, or both. The factors responsible for the spread of MLND are vectors, infected soil, and infected seed. Some of the management options used to manage MLND are: using clean Seed and non infected soil, host resistant, control vectors of the virus, and Integrated Disease Management.

Published in	American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
Page(s)	170-176
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maize Lethal Necrosis, MCMV, Prevalence, SCMV, Status

References

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Debela Diro, Lemi Yadesa. (2022). Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review. American Journal of Plant Biology, 7(4), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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Debela Diro; Lemi Yadesa. Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2022, 7(4), 170-176. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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Debela Diro, Lemi Yadesa. Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review. Am J Plant Biol. 2022;7(4):170-176. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11,
  author = {Debela Diro and Lemi Yadesa},
  title = {Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {170-176},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.20220704.11},
  abstract = {The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later the virus was identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND); this disease can induce varying degrees of harm, from a low infection rate to a complete crop failure. The disease is highly prevalent in Ethiopia's main maize-producing provinces, including the Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. In contrast to the main growing season, the disease pressure was greatest during the off-season, due to maize grown under irrigation is probable the only green plant in the area, it attracts a lot of insects and provides a better environment for their migration and reproduction, which speeds up the spread of viruses that cause MLN. Four years of data on MLN prevalence showed a general decrease in the disease's prevalence from 2015 to 2018. The yields were devastated; as the infected plants frequently produced no seed at all, undersized or malformed ears, or both. The factors responsible for the spread of MLND are vectors, infected soil, and infected seed. Some of the management options used to manage MLND are: using clean Seed and non infected soil, host resistant, control vectors of the virus, and Integrated Disease Management.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review
AU  - Debela Diro
AU  - Lemi Yadesa
Y1  - 2022/10/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
T2  - American Journal of Plant Biology
JF  - American Journal of Plant Biology
JO  - American Journal of Plant Biology
SP  - 170
EP  - 176
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8337
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
AB  - The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later the virus was identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND); this disease can induce varying degrees of harm, from a low infection rate to a complete crop failure. The disease is highly prevalent in Ethiopia's main maize-producing provinces, including the Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. In contrast to the main growing season, the disease pressure was greatest during the off-season, due to maize grown under irrigation is probable the only green plant in the area, it attracts a lot of insects and provides a better environment for their migration and reproduction, which speeds up the spread of viruses that cause MLN. Four years of data on MLN prevalence showed a general decrease in the disease's prevalence from 2015 to 2018. The yields were devastated; as the infected plants frequently produced no seed at all, undersized or malformed ears, or both. The factors responsible for the spread of MLND are vectors, infected soil, and infected seed. Some of the management options used to manage MLND are: using clean Seed and non infected soil, host resistant, control vectors of the virus, and Integrated Disease Management.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Debela Diro

Bako National Maize Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako, Ethiopia
Lemi Yadesa

Bako National Maize Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako, Ethiopia

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Debela Diro, Lemi Yadesa. (2022). Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review. American Journal of Plant Biology, 7(4), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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Debela Diro; Lemi Yadesa. Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2022, 7(4), 170-176. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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Debela Diro, Lemi Yadesa. Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review. Am J Plant Biol. 2022;7(4):170-176. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11,
  author = {Debela Diro and Lemi Yadesa},
  title = {Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review},
  journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {170-176},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.20220704.11},
  abstract = {The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later the virus was identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND); this disease can induce varying degrees of harm, from a low infection rate to a complete crop failure. The disease is highly prevalent in Ethiopia's main maize-producing provinces, including the Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. In contrast to the main growing season, the disease pressure was greatest during the off-season, due to maize grown under irrigation is probable the only green plant in the area, it attracts a lot of insects and provides a better environment for their migration and reproduction, which speeds up the spread of viruses that cause MLN. Four years of data on MLN prevalence showed a general decrease in the disease's prevalence from 2015 to 2018. The yields were devastated; as the infected plants frequently produced no seed at all, undersized or malformed ears, or both. The factors responsible for the spread of MLND are vectors, infected soil, and infected seed. Some of the management options used to manage MLND are: using clean Seed and non infected soil, host resistant, control vectors of the virus, and Integrated Disease Management.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review
AU  - Debela Diro
AU  - Lemi Yadesa
Y1  - 2022/10/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
T2  - American Journal of Plant Biology
JF  - American Journal of Plant Biology
JO  - American Journal of Plant Biology
SP  - 170
EP  - 176
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8337
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
AB  - The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later the virus was identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND); this disease can induce varying degrees of harm, from a low infection rate to a complete crop failure. The disease is highly prevalent in Ethiopia's main maize-producing provinces, including the Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. In contrast to the main growing season, the disease pressure was greatest during the off-season, due to maize grown under irrigation is probable the only green plant in the area, it attracts a lot of insects and provides a better environment for their migration and reproduction, which speeds up the spread of viruses that cause MLN. Four years of data on MLN prevalence showed a general decrease in the disease's prevalence from 2015 to 2018. The yields were devastated; as the infected plants frequently produced no seed at all, undersized or malformed ears, or both. The factors responsible for the spread of MLND are vectors, infected soil, and infected seed. Some of the management options used to manage MLND are: using clean Seed and non infected soil, host resistant, control vectors of the virus, and Integrated Disease Management.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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