Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria

J. C. Akan; B. G. Kolo; B. S. Yikala; V. O. Ogugbuaja

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria

J. C. Akan, B. G. Kolo, B. S. Yikala, V. O. Ogugbuaja

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 2)

Published: 2 April 2013

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Abstract

The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach (Ama-ranth caudatus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica olemcea) and Onion (Allium cepa) which were freshly har-vested within four agricultural locations(Mirnga, Zira, Wangaga and Malang) in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), while anions were determined by Smart spectrophotometer (model 2000). The results for vegetable samples showed that leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals and anions than roots and stems.The concentrations of Cr detected in the vegetable samples ranged from 0.23 to 3.22mg/kg; 0.23 to 3.43mg/kg Mn; 0.23 to 3.45mg/kg Fe; 0.21 to 3.54mg/kg Ni; 0.25 to 4.56mg/kg Pb; 0.87 to 8.34mg/kg Zn; 0.34 to 5.44mg/kg Cd and 0.21 to 3.22mg/kg Cu. These val-ueswere higher than those recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the WHO/EU joint limits. The high levels of these heavy metals place the consumers of these vegetable crops grown within the study area at health risk with time unless an urgent step is taken by relevant agencies to address this issue.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11
Page(s)	40-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Anions, Vegetables, Accumulation, FAO

References

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APA Style

J. C. Akan, B. G. Kolo, B. S. Yikala, V. O. Ogugbuaja. (2013). Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(2), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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ACS Style

J. C. Akan; B. G. Kolo; B. S. Yikala; V. O. Ogugbuaja. Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(2), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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AMA Style

J. C. Akan, B. G. Kolo, B. S. Yikala, V. O. Ogugbuaja. Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(2):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11,
  author = {J. C. Akan and B. G. Kolo and B. S. Yikala and V. O. Ogugbuaja},
  title = {Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {40-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130102.11},
  abstract = {The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach (Ama-ranth caudatus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica olemcea) and Onion (Allium cepa) which were freshly har-vested within four agricultural locations(Mirnga, Zira, Wangaga and Malang) in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), while anions were determined by Smart spectrophotometer (model 2000). The results for vegetable samples showed that leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals and anions than roots and stems.The concentrations of Cr detected in the vegetable samples ranged from 0.23 to 3.22mg/kg; 0.23 to 3.43mg/kg Mn; 0.23 to 3.45mg/kg Fe; 0.21 to 3.54mg/kg Ni; 0.25 to 4.56mg/kg Pb; 0.87 to 8.34mg/kg Zn; 0.34 to 5.44mg/kg Cd and 0.21 to 3.22mg/kg Cu. These val-ueswere higher than those recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the WHO/EU joint limits. The high levels of these heavy metals place the consumers of these vegetable crops grown within the study area at health risk with time unless an urgent step is taken by relevant agencies to address this issue.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria
AU - J. C. Akan
AU - B. G. Kolo
AU - B. S. Yikala
AU - V. O. Ogugbuaja
Y1 - 2013/04/02
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 40
EP - 46
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11
AB - The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach (Ama-ranth caudatus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica olemcea) and Onion (Allium cepa) which were freshly har-vested within four agricultural locations(Mirnga, Zira, Wangaga and Malang) in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), while anions were determined by Smart spectrophotometer (model 2000). The results for vegetable samples showed that leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals and anions than roots and stems.The concentrations of Cr detected in the vegetable samples ranged from 0.23 to 3.22mg/kg; 0.23 to 3.43mg/kg Mn; 0.23 to 3.45mg/kg Fe; 0.21 to 3.54mg/kg Ni; 0.25 to 4.56mg/kg Pb; 0.87 to 8.34mg/kg Zn; 0.34 to 5.44mg/kg Cd and 0.21 to 3.22mg/kg Cu. These val-ueswere higher than those recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the WHO/EU joint limits. The high levels of these heavy metals place the consumers of these vegetable crops grown within the study area at health risk with time unless an urgent step is taken by relevant agencies to address this issue.
VL - 1
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

J. C. Akan

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
B. G. Kolo

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
B. S. Yikala

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
V. O. Ogugbuaja

Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

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APA Style

J. C. Akan, B. G. Kolo, B. S. Yikala, V. O. Ogugbuaja. (2013). Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(2), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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ACS Style

J. C. Akan; B. G. Kolo; B. S. Yikala; V. O. Ogugbuaja. Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(2), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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AMA Style

J. C. Akan, B. G. Kolo, B. S. Yikala, V. O. Ogugbuaja. Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(2):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11,
  author = {J. C. Akan and B. G. Kolo and B. S. Yikala and V. O. Ogugbuaja},
  title = {Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Vegetable Samples from Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {40-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130102.11},
  abstract = {The concentrations of some heavy metals and anions were determined in vegetable samples (spinach (Ama-ranth caudatus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica olemcea) and Onion (Allium cepa) which were freshly har-vested within four agricultural locations(Mirnga, Zira, Wangaga and Malang) in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), while anions were determined by Smart spectrophotometer (model 2000). The results for vegetable samples showed that leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals and anions than roots and stems.The concentrations of Cr detected in the vegetable samples ranged from 0.23 to 3.22mg/kg; 0.23 to 3.43mg/kg Mn; 0.23 to 3.45mg/kg Fe; 0.21 to 3.54mg/kg Ni; 0.25 to 4.56mg/kg Pb; 0.87 to 8.34mg/kg Zn; 0.34 to 5.44mg/kg Cd and 0.21 to 3.22mg/kg Cu. These val-ueswere higher than those recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the WHO/EU joint limits. The high levels of these heavy metals place the consumers of these vegetable crops grown within the study area at health risk with time unless an urgent step is taken by relevant agencies to address this issue.},
 year = {2013}
}

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