Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology

Ramesh Kumar Saride; Srinivas Vajjala; Aman Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Laxminarayana Pappula; Jagan Reddy Ginuga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology

Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, Jagan Reddy Ginuga

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 22 July 2023 Accepted: 8 August 2023 Published: 22 August 2023

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Abstract

Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm³. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.

Published in	International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
Page(s)	81-93
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Additive Manufacturing, Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Maraging Steel, Microstructural Characterization, Porosity

References

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[13]	NikiNouri, Qing Li, James Damon, FabianMu¨hl, Gregor Graf, Stefan Dietrich & Volker Schulze. (2022). Characterization of a novel maraging steel for laser-based powder bed fusion: optimization of process parameters and post heat treatments. Journal of materials research and technology. 18, 931-942.
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APA Style

Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. (2023). Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 11(4), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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ACS Style

Ramesh Kumar Saride; Srinivas Vajjala; Aman Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2023, 11(4), 81-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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AMA Style

Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2023;11(4):81-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12,
  author = {Ramesh Kumar Saride and Srinivas Vajjala and Aman Kumar and Rajesh Kumar and Laxminarayana Pappula and Jagan Reddy Ginuga},
  title = {Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81-93},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20231104.12},
  abstract = {Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology
AU  - Ramesh Kumar Saride
AU  - Srinivas Vajjala
AU  - Aman Kumar
AU  - Rajesh Kumar
AU  - Laxminarayana Pappula
AU  - Jagan Reddy Ginuga
Y1  - 2023/08/22
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 81
EP  - 93
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
AB  - Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ramesh Kumar Saride

Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India
Srinivas Vajjala

Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India
Aman Kumar

Jindal Stainless Limited, Jajpur, India
Rajesh Kumar

Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India
Laxminarayana Pappula

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
Jagan Reddy Ginuga

Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India

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APA Style

Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. (2023). Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 11(4), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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ACS Style

Ramesh Kumar Saride; Srinivas Vajjala; Aman Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2023, 11(4), 81-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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AMA Style

Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2023;11(4):81-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12,
  author = {Ramesh Kumar Saride and Srinivas Vajjala and Aman Kumar and Rajesh Kumar and Laxminarayana Pappula and Jagan Reddy Ginuga},
  title = {Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {81-93},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20231104.12},
  abstract = {Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology
AU  - Ramesh Kumar Saride
AU  - Srinivas Vajjala
AU  - Aman Kumar
AU  - Rajesh Kumar
AU  - Laxminarayana Pappula
AU  - Jagan Reddy Ginuga
Y1  - 2023/08/22
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 81
EP  - 93
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
AB  - Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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