Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia

Tefera Wakuma; Adelew Estifanos; Melaku Zigde

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

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Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia

Tefera Wakuma, Adelew Estifanos, Melaku Zigde

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 8 August 2022 Accepted: 5 September 2022 Published: 19 September 2022

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Abstract

Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. Large-scale projects, domestic waste influents, pesticide use that wasn't foreseen, industrial and domestic wastes, etc. are a few of the factors contributing to the pollution. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the current concentrations of a few specific heavy metals and physicochemical components in the water of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) as a result of point and nonpoint influent discharges. Method: The physico-chemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and total hardness were investigated using the Palin test photometer, while the Cr, Pb, and Ni concentrations in collected water samples were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Result: Phosphorus, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, and nickel are just a few of the parameters that were over the standard limit values at location "A", and they are also revealed to be above the standard limit values at site "B" and site "C" chromium, nickel, and zinc requirements are higher than recommended by WHO standards. Conclusion: In this article we investigated the levels of some heavy metals, i.e. chromium, lead, nickel, Zinc and physicochemical paramters including BOD, COD, PH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates, and total hardness. The expansion of large-scale investment projects, such as irrigation-based agricultural development activities, floriculture industries, unplanned use of agrochemicals, domestic waste influents from Ziway/Batu town, and rivers like the Meki Rivers in Meki town (about 30 km far from Ziway) that flow into Lake Ziway carry contaminated discharge from industrial and domestic sources, are currently putting pressure on Lake Ziway.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
Page(s)	86-92
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biochemical Demand, Meki River, Heavy Metals, Lake Ziway, Palint Test, East Shoa

References

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[4]	LB Merga, AA Mengistie, JH Faber & PJ Van den Brink (2020), Trends in chemical pollution and ecological status of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia: A review focusing on nutrients, metals and pesticides, African Journal of Aquatic Science, pp. 387-400.
[5]	Gebremariam Z. (2002): The Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes. Major threats and strategies for conservations. In tudorancea Ethiopian rift valley, Euro net 259-271.
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[10]	Zenebe Yifru. (2011). Accumulation of certain heavy metals in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticles) fish species relative to heavy metal concentrations in the water of Lake Hawassa. M.Sc. Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
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[18]	Meseret Kindie, Melkamu Andargie, Woldegeorgis Hilluf, Meareg Amare (2020), Assessment on level of selected heavy metals in Nile tilapia and Barbus fish species and water samples from the Southern parts of Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Scientific African.
[19]	Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N., and Smith, V. H. (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecol. Appl. 8, 559-568.
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APA Style

Tefera Wakuma, Adelew Estifanos, Melaku Zigde. (2022). Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia. Modern Chemistry, 10(3), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

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ACS Style

Tefera Wakuma; Adelew Estifanos; Melaku Zigde. Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia. Mod. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 86-92. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

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AMA Style

Tefera Wakuma, Adelew Estifanos, Melaku Zigde. Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia. Mod Chem. 2022;10(3):86-92. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13,
  author = {Tefera Wakuma and Adelew Estifanos and Melaku Zigde},
  title = {Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {86-92},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20221003.13},
  abstract = {Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. Large-scale projects, domestic waste influents, pesticide use that wasn't foreseen, industrial and domestic wastes, etc. are a few of the factors contributing to the pollution. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the current concentrations of a few specific heavy metals and physicochemical components in the water of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) as a result of point and nonpoint influent discharges. Method: The physico-chemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and total hardness were investigated using the Palin test photometer, while the Cr, Pb, and Ni concentrations in collected water samples were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Result: Phosphorus, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, and nickel are just a few of the parameters that were over the standard limit values at location "A", and they are also revealed to be above the standard limit values at site "B" and site "C" chromium, nickel, and zinc requirements are higher than recommended by WHO standards. Conclusion: In this article we investigated the levels of some heavy metals, i.e. chromium, lead, nickel, Zinc and physicochemical paramters including BOD, COD, PH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates, and total hardness. The expansion of large-scale investment projects, such as irrigation-based agricultural development activities, floriculture industries, unplanned use of agrochemicals, domestic waste influents from Ziway/Batu town, and rivers like the Meki Rivers in Meki town (about 30 km far from Ziway) that flow into Lake Ziway carry contaminated discharge from industrial and domestic sources, are currently putting pressure on Lake Ziway.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia
AU  - Tefera Wakuma
AU  - Adelew Estifanos
AU  - Melaku Zigde
Y1  - 2022/09/19
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 86
EP  - 92
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
AB  - Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. Large-scale projects, domestic waste influents, pesticide use that wasn't foreseen, industrial and domestic wastes, etc. are a few of the factors contributing to the pollution. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the current concentrations of a few specific heavy metals and physicochemical components in the water of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) as a result of point and nonpoint influent discharges. Method: The physico-chemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and total hardness were investigated using the Palin test photometer, while the Cr, Pb, and Ni concentrations in collected water samples were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Result: Phosphorus, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, and nickel are just a few of the parameters that were over the standard limit values at location "A", and they are also revealed to be above the standard limit values at site "B" and site "C" chromium, nickel, and zinc requirements are higher than recommended by WHO standards. Conclusion: In this article we investigated the levels of some heavy metals, i.e. chromium, lead, nickel, Zinc and physicochemical paramters including BOD, COD, PH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates, and total hardness. The expansion of large-scale investment projects, such as irrigation-based agricultural development activities, floriculture industries, unplanned use of agrochemicals, domestic waste influents from Ziway/Batu town, and rivers like the Meki Rivers in Meki town (about 30 km far from Ziway) that flow into Lake Ziway carry contaminated discharge from industrial and domestic sources, are currently putting pressure on Lake Ziway.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Tefera Wakuma

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Adelew Estifanos

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Melaku Zigde

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Tefera Wakuma, Adelew Estifanos, Melaku Zigde. (2022). Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia. Modern Chemistry, 10(3), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

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ACS Style

Tefera Wakuma; Adelew Estifanos; Melaku Zigde. Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia. Mod. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 86-92. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

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AMA Style

Tefera Wakuma, Adelew Estifanos, Melaku Zigde. Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia. Mod Chem. 2022;10(3):86-92. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13,
  author = {Tefera Wakuma and Adelew Estifanos and Melaku Zigde},
  title = {Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {86-92},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20221003.13},
  abstract = {Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. Large-scale projects, domestic waste influents, pesticide use that wasn't foreseen, industrial and domestic wastes, etc. are a few of the factors contributing to the pollution. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the current concentrations of a few specific heavy metals and physicochemical components in the water of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) as a result of point and nonpoint influent discharges. Method: The physico-chemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and total hardness were investigated using the Palin test photometer, while the Cr, Pb, and Ni concentrations in collected water samples were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Result: Phosphorus, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, and nickel are just a few of the parameters that were over the standard limit values at location "A", and they are also revealed to be above the standard limit values at site "B" and site "C" chromium, nickel, and zinc requirements are higher than recommended by WHO standards. Conclusion: In this article we investigated the levels of some heavy metals, i.e. chromium, lead, nickel, Zinc and physicochemical paramters including BOD, COD, PH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates, and total hardness. The expansion of large-scale investment projects, such as irrigation-based agricultural development activities, floriculture industries, unplanned use of agrochemicals, domestic waste influents from Ziway/Batu town, and rivers like the Meki Rivers in Meki town (about 30 km far from Ziway) that flow into Lake Ziway carry contaminated discharge from industrial and domestic sources, are currently putting pressure on Lake Ziway.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia
AU  - Tefera Wakuma
AU  - Adelew Estifanos
AU  - Melaku Zigde
Y1  - 2022/09/19
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 86
EP  - 92
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
AB  - Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. Large-scale projects, domestic waste influents, pesticide use that wasn't foreseen, industrial and domestic wastes, etc. are a few of the factors contributing to the pollution. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the current concentrations of a few specific heavy metals and physicochemical components in the water of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) as a result of point and nonpoint influent discharges. Method: The physico-chemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and total hardness were investigated using the Palin test photometer, while the Cr, Pb, and Ni concentrations in collected water samples were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Result: Phosphorus, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, and nickel are just a few of the parameters that were over the standard limit values at location "A", and they are also revealed to be above the standard limit values at site "B" and site "C" chromium, nickel, and zinc requirements are higher than recommended by WHO standards. Conclusion: In this article we investigated the levels of some heavy metals, i.e. chromium, lead, nickel, Zinc and physicochemical paramters including BOD, COD, PH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates, and total hardness. The expansion of large-scale investment projects, such as irrigation-based agricultural development activities, floriculture industries, unplanned use of agrochemicals, domestic waste influents from Ziway/Batu town, and rivers like the Meki Rivers in Meki town (about 30 km far from Ziway) that flow into Lake Ziway carry contaminated discharge from industrial and domestic sources, are currently putting pressure on Lake Ziway.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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