Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘<i>hypervalent’</i> Carbon

Nizam Havare

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon

Nizam Havare

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 16 December 2022 Accepted: 9 January 2023 Published: 30 January 2023

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Abstract

Hypervalent compounds using main group elements are often used as reagents in the variety of interesting reactions in chemistry, such as in the total synthesis of some important natural products and/or drugs, as molecular switch, as oxidizing agents, in the synthesis of novel polymers, in rearrangement reactions, in oxidative cleavage reactions, in activation of small molecules (such as H₂, O₂, O₃, P₄…) etc. However, although hypervalent compounds of main group elements are well known, there are a few examples in the literature about DFT-calculation and synthesis strategy of hypervalent carbon compounds. Some scientists are still of the opinion that carbon atom does not have the ability to form hypervalent carbon bonds. Therefore, they argue that multiple bonded (more than 4 bond) carbon atoms should be termed "hypercoordinated". The fact is that both “hypervalent” carbon compounds and “hypercoordinated” carbon compounds existed. However, there are certain requirements for a multiple bonded carbon compound to be called "hypervalent". The most important requirements are the bond length, the existence of 3c–4e bonding mode and the bound ligand to carbon. This review discusses the conditions for the hypevalence and summarizes, analyzes the established synthesis strategy and some important DFT-calculation of hypervalent carbon compounds.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
Page(s)	1-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypervalent Synthesis, hypervalent Chemistry, hypercoordinated Carbon, hypervalent Carbon

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Nizam Havare. (2023). Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon. Modern Chemistry, 11(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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Nizam Havare. Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon. Mod. Chem. 2023, 11(1), 1-22. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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Nizam Havare. Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon. Mod Chem. 2023;11(1):1-22. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11,
  author = {Nizam Havare},
  title = {Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20231101.11},
  abstract = {Hypervalent compounds using main group elements are often used as reagents in the variety of interesting reactions in chemistry, such as in the total synthesis of some important natural products and/or drugs, as molecular switch, as oxidizing agents, in the synthesis of novel polymers, in rearrangement reactions, in oxidative cleavage reactions, in activation of small molecules (such as H2, O2, O3, P4…) etc. However, although hypervalent compounds of main group elements are well known, there are a few examples in the literature about DFT-calculation and synthesis strategy of hypervalent carbon compounds. Some scientists are still of the opinion that carbon atom does not have the ability to form hypervalent carbon bonds. Therefore, they argue that multiple bonded (more than 4 bond) carbon atoms should be termed "hypercoordinated". The fact is that both “hypervalent” carbon compounds and “hypercoordinated” carbon compounds existed. However, there are certain requirements for a multiple bonded carbon compound to be called "hypervalent". The most important requirements are the bond length, the existence of 3c–4e bonding mode and the bound ligand to carbon. This review discusses the conditions for the hypevalence and summarizes, analyzes the established synthesis strategy and some important DFT-calculation of hypervalent carbon compounds.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon
AU  - Nizam Havare
Y1  - 2023/01/30
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
AB  - Hypervalent compounds using main group elements are often used as reagents in the variety of interesting reactions in chemistry, such as in the total synthesis of some important natural products and/or drugs, as molecular switch, as oxidizing agents, in the synthesis of novel polymers, in rearrangement reactions, in oxidative cleavage reactions, in activation of small molecules (such as H2, O2, O3, P4…) etc. However, although hypervalent compounds of main group elements are well known, there are a few examples in the literature about DFT-calculation and synthesis strategy of hypervalent carbon compounds. Some scientists are still of the opinion that carbon atom does not have the ability to form hypervalent carbon bonds. Therefore, they argue that multiple bonded (more than 4 bond) carbon atoms should be termed "hypercoordinated". The fact is that both “hypervalent” carbon compounds and “hypercoordinated” carbon compounds existed. However, there are certain requirements for a multiple bonded carbon compound to be called "hypervalent". The most important requirements are the bond length, the existence of 3c–4e bonding mode and the bound ligand to carbon. This review discusses the conditions for the hypevalence and summarizes, analyzes the established synthesis strategy and some important DFT-calculation of hypervalent carbon compounds.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Nizam Havare

Retired from Department of Chemistry, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States

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Nizam Havare. (2023). Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon. Modern Chemistry, 11(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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ACS Style

Nizam Havare. Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon. Mod. Chem. 2023, 11(1), 1-22. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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AMA Style

Nizam Havare. Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon. Mod Chem. 2023;11(1):1-22. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11,
  author = {Nizam Havare},
  title = {Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20231101.11},
  abstract = {Hypervalent compounds using main group elements are often used as reagents in the variety of interesting reactions in chemistry, such as in the total synthesis of some important natural products and/or drugs, as molecular switch, as oxidizing agents, in the synthesis of novel polymers, in rearrangement reactions, in oxidative cleavage reactions, in activation of small molecules (such as H2, O2, O3, P4…) etc. However, although hypervalent compounds of main group elements are well known, there are a few examples in the literature about DFT-calculation and synthesis strategy of hypervalent carbon compounds. Some scientists are still of the opinion that carbon atom does not have the ability to form hypervalent carbon bonds. Therefore, they argue that multiple bonded (more than 4 bond) carbon atoms should be termed "hypercoordinated". The fact is that both “hypervalent” carbon compounds and “hypercoordinated” carbon compounds existed. However, there are certain requirements for a multiple bonded carbon compound to be called "hypervalent". The most important requirements are the bond length, the existence of 3c–4e bonding mode and the bound ligand to carbon. This review discusses the conditions for the hypevalence and summarizes, analyzes the established synthesis strategy and some important DFT-calculation of hypervalent carbon compounds.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Theoretical Investigation and Synthesis Strategy of ‘hypervalent’ Carbon
AU  - Nizam Havare
Y1  - 2023/01/30
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231101.11
AB  - Hypervalent compounds using main group elements are often used as reagents in the variety of interesting reactions in chemistry, such as in the total synthesis of some important natural products and/or drugs, as molecular switch, as oxidizing agents, in the synthesis of novel polymers, in rearrangement reactions, in oxidative cleavage reactions, in activation of small molecules (such as H2, O2, O3, P4…) etc. However, although hypervalent compounds of main group elements are well known, there are a few examples in the literature about DFT-calculation and synthesis strategy of hypervalent carbon compounds. Some scientists are still of the opinion that carbon atom does not have the ability to form hypervalent carbon bonds. Therefore, they argue that multiple bonded (more than 4 bond) carbon atoms should be termed "hypercoordinated". The fact is that both “hypervalent” carbon compounds and “hypercoordinated” carbon compounds existed. However, there are certain requirements for a multiple bonded carbon compound to be called "hypervalent". The most important requirements are the bond length, the existence of 3c–4e bonding mode and the bound ligand to carbon. This review discusses the conditions for the hypevalence and summarizes, analyzes the established synthesis strategy and some important DFT-calculation of hypervalent carbon compounds.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download