Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 16 April 2022 Accepted: 28 April 2022 Published: 19 May 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Currently, the incorporation of ground cellulosic bagasse as a supplement reinforcing filler in rubber composites is considered to be one of the favorite means that could potentially assist in avoiding the utmost problematic environmental pollution due to the ashes left after burning of agricultural wastes. In addition, it may act in reducing the cost simultaneously with preserving the rubber vulcanizates physico-mechanical properties. In this study, a systematic work was implemented by preparing a series of mixes based on fixed concentration of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) on a two roll mill to investigate the effect of different quantities (0 – 80 phr) of fumed silica (Si) on the cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of Bagasse-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (B-SBR) composites. A grinding machine was used, to obtain GBP with a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20-180 µm. As well, the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse was improved by adding 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA), as a compatibilizer. It was obvious that values for both tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation have recorded a significant increase with the increase in Si addition till reaching an optimum concentration of 60 phr, and then a gradual decrease in values takes place with further Si addition. Similarly, hardness recorded a gradual increase in values with the increase in Si content. On the other side the abrasion loss and degree of swelling values are enhanced by showing a marked decrease in values with the increase in silica content. It was evident that modified SBR brings well physico-mechanical properties and wear resistance. Thereby, it’s worth derived that the overall performance of Si filled SBR composites is well preserved in the presence of bagasse powder. The prepared modified SBR composite samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which reveals a behavior confirming the improved mechanical properties.

Published in	Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
Page(s)	73-80
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bagasse, Mechanical Properties, Maleic Anhydride, Silica, Styrene Butadiene Rubber

References

[1]	Maya, J. J., Sabu, T. (2008). Review of Bio fibres and biocomposites. Carbohydr Polymers J, 71 (3), 343–364. Doi: 10.1016_j.carbpol.2007.05.040.
[2]	Romero, M., Rincón, J. M, Teixeira, S. (2009). Crystallization of a SiO₂–CaO–Na₂O glass from sugarcane bagasse ash. In: 1st Spanish national conference. Advances in materials recycling and eco–energy.
[3]	Abdelwahab NA, Helaly, F. M. (2009). Chemically modified sugarcane bagasse as an improving agent for the properties of styrene– butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 113 (6): 3470–3476.
[4]	Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf, H.. Farag, E. M. Abdel-Bary. (2019). Mechanical and physical characterizations of styrene butadiene rubber: bagasse composites. J Rubb Res 23: 23–31.
[5]	Rothon R. N. (Ed.) Particulate-Filled Polymer composites. 2nd ed. Shawbury 2003, Smithers Rapra. 560p.
[6]	M. Hensel, K-H., Menting, H. Umland, C. Stone Tire Technol Int. (1997) 124.
[7]	H. Mouri, K. Akutagawa, Rubber Chem. Technol. 72 (1999) 960.
[8]	A. A. Ward, B. Stoll, W. von Soden, S. Herminghaus, A. A. Mansour, Macromol Mater. Eng. 288 (2003) 971.
[9]	X. Liu, S. Zhao, X. Zhang, X. Li, and Y. (2014). Bai, Polymer, 55, 1964.
[10]	F. Yatsuyanagi, H. Kaidou, M. Ito, (1994). J. Soc Rubber Ind Jpn, 67 707.
[11]	M. Kiuchi, J. Ito, (1999). J. Soc Rubber Ind Jpn, 72 599.
[12]	W. Pinyo, N. Charoen, P. Qinmin, G. L. Rempel, and K. Suda, (2013). Eur. Polym. J., 49, 4035.
[13]	Stael GC, Tavares MIB and Almeida JRM. 2001. Impact Behavior of Sugarcane Bagasse Waste- EVA Composites. Polym Test; 20: 869.
[14]	Agarwal, K., Setua, D. K., and Sekhar, K. (2005). Scanning electron microscopy study on the influence of temperature on tear strength and failure mechanism of natural rubber vulcanizates. Polym. Test., 24 (6), 781-789.
[15]	Tangudom, P., Thongsang, S., and Sombatsompop, N. (2014). Cure and mechanical properties and abrasive wear behavior of naturl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and their blends reinforced with silica hybrid fillers. Mater. Design, 53, 856-864.
[16]	Ismail H, Rozman HD, Jaffri RM and Mohd Ishak ZA. (1997). Eur Polym J, 33, 1627-1632.
[17]	Ismail, H., Nasaruddin, M. N., and Rozman, H. D. (1999). The effect of multifunctional additive in white rice husk ash filled natural rubber compounds. Eur. Polm. J., 35 (8), 1429-1437.
[18]	Arayapranee, W., Na-Ranong, N., and Rempel, G. L. (2005). Application of rice husk ash as fillers in the natural rubber industry. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98 (1), 34-41.
[19]	M. Wang, P. Zhang, and K. Mahmud. (2001). Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 124.
[20]	Jacques, JE. (1985) Rubber compounding, In Rubber Technology and Manufacture, 2nd edn, Ed by Blow CM and Hepburn C, Butterworths, UK, pp 386-387.
[21]	Baochun, G., Feng, C., Yanda, L., and Weiweim C. (2010). Significantly improved performance of rubber/silica composites by addition of sorbic acid. Polymer Journal, 42, 319–326.
[22]	Zhang H, Gao Y, Li F, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhao G, (2016). Influence of silane coupling agents on vulcanized natural rubber: Dynamic properties and heat buildup. Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 45, 9–15.
[23]	Kader MA, Bhowmick AK, (2003). Thermal ageing, degradation and swelling of acrylate rubber, fluoro rubber and their blends containing poly function alacrylates. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 79, 283–95.
[24]	Alam, M. M., Mina, M. F., Akhtar, F. (2003). Swelling and hydration properties of acrylamide hydrogel in distilled water. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 42, 533–42.
[25]	Gwaily, S. E., Badawy, M. M., Hassan, H. H., Madani, M. (2003). Influence of thermal ageing on crosslinking density of boron carbide/natural rubber composites. Polymer Testing, 22, 3–7.
[26]	Mostafa, A., Kasem, A. A., Bayoumi MR, El-Sebaie, M., G. (2009). Effect of carbon black loading on the swelling and compression set behavior of SBR and NBR rubber compounds. Materials and Design, 30, 1561–1568.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf. (2022). Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(3), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf. Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 73-80. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf. Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(3):73-80. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13,
  author = {Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf},
  title = {Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-80},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221003.13},
  abstract = {Currently, the incorporation of ground cellulosic bagasse as a supplement reinforcing filler in rubber composites is considered to be one of the favorite means that could potentially assist in avoiding the utmost problematic environmental pollution due to the ashes left after burning of agricultural wastes. In addition, it may act in reducing the cost simultaneously with preserving the rubber vulcanizates physico-mechanical properties. In this study, a systematic work was implemented by preparing a series of mixes based on fixed concentration of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) on a two roll mill to investigate the effect of different quantities (0 – 80 phr) of fumed silica (Si) on the cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of Bagasse-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (B-SBR) composites. A grinding machine was used, to obtain GBP with a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20-180 µm. As well, the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse was improved by adding 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA), as a compatibilizer. It was obvious that values for both tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation have recorded a significant increase with the increase in Si addition till reaching an optimum concentration of 60 phr, and then a gradual decrease in values takes place with further Si addition. Similarly, hardness recorded a gradual increase in values with the increase in Si content. On the other side the abrasion loss and degree of swelling values are enhanced by showing a marked decrease in values with the increase in silica content. It was evident that modified SBR brings well physico-mechanical properties and wear resistance. Thereby, it’s worth derived that the overall performance of Si filled SBR composites is well preserved in the presence of bagasse powder. The prepared modified SBR composite samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which reveals a behavior confirming the improved mechanical properties.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber
AU  - Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf
Y1  - 2022/05/19
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 73
EP  - 80
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
AB  - Currently, the incorporation of ground cellulosic bagasse as a supplement reinforcing filler in rubber composites is considered to be one of the favorite means that could potentially assist in avoiding the utmost problematic environmental pollution due to the ashes left after burning of agricultural wastes. In addition, it may act in reducing the cost simultaneously with preserving the rubber vulcanizates physico-mechanical properties. In this study, a systematic work was implemented by preparing a series of mixes based on fixed concentration of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) on a two roll mill to investigate the effect of different quantities (0 – 80 phr) of fumed silica (Si) on the cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of Bagasse-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (B-SBR) composites. A grinding machine was used, to obtain GBP with a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20-180 µm. As well, the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse was improved by adding 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA), as a compatibilizer. It was obvious that values for both tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation have recorded a significant increase with the increase in Si addition till reaching an optimum concentration of 60 phr, and then a gradual decrease in values takes place with further Si addition. Similarly, hardness recorded a gradual increase in values with the increase in Si content. On the other side the abrasion loss and degree of swelling values are enhanced by showing a marked decrease in values with the increase in silica content. It was evident that modified SBR brings well physico-mechanical properties and wear resistance. Thereby, it’s worth derived that the overall performance of Si filled SBR composites is well preserved in the presence of bagasse powder. The prepared modified SBR composite samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which reveals a behavior confirming the improved mechanical properties.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf

Science & Technology Center of Excellence, National Organization of Military Production, Cairo, Egypt

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf. (2022). Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Science Journal of Chemistry, 10(3), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf. Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Sci. J. Chem. 2022, 10(3), 73-80. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf. Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Sci J Chem. 2022;10(3):73-80. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13,
  author = {Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf},
  title = {Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-80},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20221003.13},
  abstract = {Currently, the incorporation of ground cellulosic bagasse as a supplement reinforcing filler in rubber composites is considered to be one of the favorite means that could potentially assist in avoiding the utmost problematic environmental pollution due to the ashes left after burning of agricultural wastes. In addition, it may act in reducing the cost simultaneously with preserving the rubber vulcanizates physico-mechanical properties. In this study, a systematic work was implemented by preparing a series of mixes based on fixed concentration of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) on a two roll mill to investigate the effect of different quantities (0 – 80 phr) of fumed silica (Si) on the cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of Bagasse-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (B-SBR) composites. A grinding machine was used, to obtain GBP with a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20-180 µm. As well, the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse was improved by adding 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA), as a compatibilizer. It was obvious that values for both tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation have recorded a significant increase with the increase in Si addition till reaching an optimum concentration of 60 phr, and then a gradual decrease in values takes place with further Si addition. Similarly, hardness recorded a gradual increase in values with the increase in Si content. On the other side the abrasion loss and degree of swelling values are enhanced by showing a marked decrease in values with the increase in silica content. It was evident that modified SBR brings well physico-mechanical properties and wear resistance. Thereby, it’s worth derived that the overall performance of Si filled SBR composites is well preserved in the presence of bagasse powder. The prepared modified SBR composite samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which reveals a behavior confirming the improved mechanical properties.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Studying the Effect of Silica on Some Physico-Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behavior of Bagasse Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber
AU  - Eyad Sayed Abdallah Khalaf
Y1  - 2022/05/19
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 73
EP  - 80
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20221003.13
AB  - Currently, the incorporation of ground cellulosic bagasse as a supplement reinforcing filler in rubber composites is considered to be one of the favorite means that could potentially assist in avoiding the utmost problematic environmental pollution due to the ashes left after burning of agricultural wastes. In addition, it may act in reducing the cost simultaneously with preserving the rubber vulcanizates physico-mechanical properties. In this study, a systematic work was implemented by preparing a series of mixes based on fixed concentration of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) on a two roll mill to investigate the effect of different quantities (0 – 80 phr) of fumed silica (Si) on the cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of Bagasse-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (B-SBR) composites. A grinding machine was used, to obtain GBP with a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20-180 µm. As well, the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse was improved by adding 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA), as a compatibilizer. It was obvious that values for both tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation have recorded a significant increase with the increase in Si addition till reaching an optimum concentration of 60 phr, and then a gradual decrease in values takes place with further Si addition. Similarly, hardness recorded a gradual increase in values with the increase in Si content. On the other side the abrasion loss and degree of swelling values are enhanced by showing a marked decrease in values with the increase in silica content. It was evident that modified SBR brings well physico-mechanical properties and wear resistance. Thereby, it’s worth derived that the overall performance of Si filled SBR composites is well preserved in the presence of bagasse powder. The prepared modified SBR composite samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which reveals a behavior confirming the improved mechanical properties.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download