Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg; Paulo César Ribeiro; Nathália Satyro-Carvalho; Fabiano Guerra Sanches; Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho; Antonio Neres Norberg

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg, Paulo César Ribeiro, Nathália Satyro-Carvalho, Fabiano Guerra Sanches, Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, Antonio Neres Norberg

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 23 May 2014 Accepted: 22 June 2014 Published: 30 June 2014

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Abstract

This paper describes the patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax oral infection within the Baixada Fluminense, neighborship of Rio de Janeiro city, province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, assessed by the number of persons parasitized with or without periodontites, emphasizing the variables: gender, age, pH of the saliva, smoking habit and the total number of teeth in the mouth. The Baixada Fluminense is composed by 13 municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region and is characterized by economic, social and educational substandards as well as inadequate sewerage, a result of the abandonment of regional public policy. Amoeba infection was common to all individuals, decreasing with age (r2=0.92, p<0.05) in healthy individuals but increasing with age in people with periodontal disease (r2=0.97, p<0.05). Additionally, there was co-infection by amoeba and flagellate protozoa in 51 individuals, and monoparasitism only by amoeba in the remaining 49 patients, 27 in the control group (without periodontitis) and 22 in the case group (with periodontitis). The prevalence of flagellate infection was 51.0% (51 out of the 100 individuals in both groups), unassociated with either group (χ2=0.2, p>0.05) or among genders (χ2= 1.2, p>0.05). The flagellate infection decreased with age in the control group and increased with age in those who were ill. Periodontitis is an important variable to consider in amoeba and flagellate infections as the risk factor increased 13x in older patients, in spite of the non-significant statistical result (p>0.05). Both infections emerged at neutral pH (5.5-7.0). While the healthy group cases of infection reached the prevalence peak at pH 6.5, the case group did so at 6.0, a insignificant difference. Considering only the T. tenax infection, the dental records of the control group registered low absence of teeth, a striking difference from group members with periodontal disease, each of which missed teeth ranging between one and all. Furthermore, E. gingivalis and T. tenax infections increased when there is tooth absence (E. gingivalis rs= 0.97; T. tenax rs= 0.99, p<0.05), indicating a positive correlation between tooth loss and both infections. Out of the 100 examined patients, eighteen (18%) were active smokers and, among them, eight (44%) were T. tenax positive. Although this represents only 8% of the total sample, all of the smokers belonged to the periodontal disease group.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17
Page(s)	288-292
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Entamoeba gingivalis, Trichomonas tenax, Periodontitis, Baixada Fluminense, Brazil

References

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Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg, Paulo César Ribeiro, Nathália Satyro-Carvalho, Fabiano Guerra Sanches, Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, et al. (2014). Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(4), 288-292. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

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ACS Style

Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg; Paulo César Ribeiro; Nathália Satyro-Carvalho; Fabiano Guerra Sanches; Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, et al. Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(4), 288-292. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

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AMA Style

Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg, Paulo César Ribeiro, Nathália Satyro-Carvalho, Fabiano Guerra Sanches, Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, et al. Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(4):288-292. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17,
  author = {Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg and Paulo César Ribeiro and Nathália Satyro-Carvalho and Fabiano Guerra Sanches and Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho and Antonio Neres Norberg},
  title = {Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {288-292},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140204.17},
  abstract = {This paper describes the patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax oral infection within the Baixada Fluminense, neighborship of Rio de Janeiro city, province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, assessed by the number of persons parasitized with or without periodontites, emphasizing the variables: gender, age, pH of the saliva, smoking habit and the total number of teeth in the mouth. The Baixada Fluminense is composed by 13 municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region and is characterized by economic, social and educational substandards as well as inadequate sewerage, a result of the abandonment of regional public policy. Amoeba infection was common to all individuals, decreasing with age (r2=0.92, p0.05) or among genders (χ2= 1.2, p>0.05). The flagellate infection decreased with age in the control group and increased with age in those who were ill. Periodontitis is an important variable to consider in amoeba and flagellate infections as the risk factor increased 13x in older patients, in spite of the non-significant statistical result (p>0.05). Both infections emerged at neutral pH (5.5-7.0). While the healthy group cases of infection reached the prevalence peak at pH 6.5, the case group did so at 6.0, a insignificant difference. Considering only the T. tenax infection, the dental records of the control group registered low absence of teeth, a striking difference from group members with periodontal disease, each of which missed teeth ranging between one and all. Furthermore, E. gingivalis and T. tenax infections increased when there is tooth absence (E. gingivalis rs= 0.97; T. tenax rs= 0.99, p<0.05), indicating a positive correlation between tooth loss and both infections. Out of the 100 examined patients, eighteen (18%) were active smokers and, among them, eight (44%) were T. tenax positive. Although this represents only 8% of the total sample, all of the smokers belonged to the periodontal disease group.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
AU - Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg
AU - Paulo César Ribeiro
AU - Nathália Satyro-Carvalho
AU - Fabiano Guerra Sanches
AU - Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho
AU - Antonio Neres Norberg
Y1 - 2014/06/30
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17
DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17
T2 - Science Journal of Public Health
JF - Science Journal of Public Health
JO - Science Journal of Public Health
SP - 288
EP - 292
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7950
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17
AB - This paper describes the patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax oral infection within the Baixada Fluminense, neighborship of Rio de Janeiro city, province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, assessed by the number of persons parasitized with or without periodontites, emphasizing the variables: gender, age, pH of the saliva, smoking habit and the total number of teeth in the mouth. The Baixada Fluminense is composed by 13 municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region and is characterized by economic, social and educational substandards as well as inadequate sewerage, a result of the abandonment of regional public policy. Amoeba infection was common to all individuals, decreasing with age (r2=0.92, p0.05) or among genders (χ2= 1.2, p>0.05). The flagellate infection decreased with age in the control group and increased with age in those who were ill. Periodontitis is an important variable to consider in amoeba and flagellate infections as the risk factor increased 13x in older patients, in spite of the non-significant statistical result (p>0.05). Both infections emerged at neutral pH (5.5-7.0). While the healthy group cases of infection reached the prevalence peak at pH 6.5, the case group did so at 6.0, a insignificant difference. Considering only the T. tenax infection, the dental records of the control group registered low absence of teeth, a striking difference from group members with periodontal disease, each of which missed teeth ranging between one and all. Furthermore, E. gingivalis and T. tenax infections increased when there is tooth absence (E. gingivalis rs= 0.97; T. tenax rs= 0.99, p<0.05), indicating a positive correlation between tooth loss and both infections. Out of the 100 examined patients, eighteen (18%) were active smokers and, among them, eight (44%) were T. tenax positive. Although this represents only 8% of the total sample, all of the smokers belonged to the periodontal disease group.
VL - 2
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg

Biological and Health Sciences School, Igua?u University, UNIG, Nova Igua?u, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Paulo César Ribeiro

Biological and Health Sciences School, Igua?u University, UNIG, Nova Igua?u, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Nathália Satyro-Carvalho

Grande Rio University, UNIGRANRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Fabiano Guerra Sanches

Brazilian Army Health School, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho

Biological and Health Sciences School, Igua?u University, UNIG, Nova Igua?u, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Antonio Neres Norberg

UNIABEU University Center, Belford Roxo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

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Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg, Paulo César Ribeiro, Nathália Satyro-Carvalho, Fabiano Guerra Sanches, Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, et al. (2014). Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(4), 288-292. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

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Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg; Paulo César Ribeiro; Nathália Satyro-Carvalho; Fabiano Guerra Sanches; Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, et al. Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(4), 288-292. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

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AMA Style

Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg, Paulo César Ribeiro, Nathália Satyro-Carvalho, Fabiano Guerra Sanches, Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho, et al. Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(4):288-292. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17,
  author = {Claudia Maria Blanco Moreira Norberg and Paulo César Ribeiro and Nathália Satyro-Carvalho and Fabiano Guerra Sanches and Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho and Antonio Neres Norberg},
  title = {Entamoeba Gingivalis (Gros, 1849) and Trichomonas Tenax (Muller, 1773) Oral Infections in Patients from Baixada Fluminense, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {288-292},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140204.17},
  abstract = {This paper describes the patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax oral infection within the Baixada Fluminense, neighborship of Rio de Janeiro city, province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, assessed by the number of persons parasitized with or without periodontites, emphasizing the variables: gender, age, pH of the saliva, smoking habit and the total number of teeth in the mouth. The Baixada Fluminense is composed by 13 municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region and is characterized by economic, social and educational substandards as well as inadequate sewerage, a result of the abandonment of regional public policy. Amoeba infection was common to all individuals, decreasing with age (r2=0.92, p0.05) or among genders (χ2= 1.2, p>0.05). The flagellate infection decreased with age in the control group and increased with age in those who were ill. Periodontitis is an important variable to consider in amoeba and flagellate infections as the risk factor increased 13x in older patients, in spite of the non-significant statistical result (p>0.05). Both infections emerged at neutral pH (5.5-7.0). While the healthy group cases of infection reached the prevalence peak at pH 6.5, the case group did so at 6.0, a insignificant difference. Considering only the T. tenax infection, the dental records of the control group registered low absence of teeth, a striking difference from group members with periodontal disease, each of which missed teeth ranging between one and all. Furthermore, E. gingivalis and T. tenax infections increased when there is tooth absence (E. gingivalis rs= 0.97; T. tenax rs= 0.99, p<0.05), indicating a positive correlation between tooth loss and both infections. Out of the 100 examined patients, eighteen (18%) were active smokers and, among them, eight (44%) were T. tenax positive. Although this represents only 8% of the total sample, all of the smokers belonged to the periodontal disease group.},
 year = {2014}
}

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