According to the literature, women are actively participating in the victimization of their group because of their positive attitude towards established societal norms. This thesis is supported within the theoretical framework of system justification, which defends the thesis that individuals, both men and women, are motivated to perceive existing social arrangements as fair and legitimate. In this sense, it is admitted that women who strongly justify the gender system are less motivated to adopt collective behaviors to improve or challenge the unfavorable position in which they are living. As a result, they are likely to accept or endorse the domestic or family abuse that they are suffering. The present research falls within this perspective. It examines the causal link between gender system justification, gender differences, and attitudes toward women’ victimization. Thus, it formulates the hypothesis that gender difference does not moderate the relationship between willingness to justify the system and attitude towards women’ victimization. Participants are 126 students of both sexes enrolled in different faculties of the University of Dschang (Cameroon). Their age varies between 15 and 41 years (M. = 21.41). They completed a questionnaire measuring, respectively, the willingness to justify the gender system and the attitude towards women’ victimization. The data collected provides empirical support for the hypothesis of the study. They reveal that the relationship between gender system justification and attitudes towards women’ victimization is positive for both women and men. These results reveal the different dispositions through which men and women participate mutually in maintaining asymmetrics gender relations.
| Published in | Social Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14 |
| Page(s) | 67-73 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Gender System Justification, System Justification Theory, Gender Difference, Victimization, Attitude Towards Female Victimization
| [1] | Al-Badayneh, D. (2006). Developing a general crime prevention model (GCPM): family violence applications. Alfeker AlShorati, 57 (6), 37-80. |
| [2] | Araya, M. (2017). Gender based violence and its consequences in Ethiopia: a systematic review. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 55 (3), 1-8. |
| [3] | Association Camerounaise des Femmes Juristes (1998). Violence faites aux femmes, l’état du droit au Cameroun. Violence faite aux femmes: l’état du droit. Bureau regional de l’UNIFEM. |
| [4] | Ayanga, H. O. (1996). Violence against women in african oral literature as portrayed in proverbs. In G. Wamue & M. Getui (eds), Violence Against Women (pp. 13-20). Action Publisher. |
| [5] | Becker, J. C., & Wright, S. C. (2011). Yet another dark side of chivalry: Benevolent sexism undermines and hostile sexism motivates collective action for social change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 62-77. |
| [6] | Bem, S. L., & Bem, D. J. (1970). Case study of a nonconscious ideology: Training the woman to know her place. In D. J. Bem (ed.), Beliefs, attitudes, and human affairs (pp. 89-99). Brooks/Cole. |
| [7] | Beyene, A. S., Chojenta, C., & Loxton, D. J. (2020). Gender base violence perpetration by male high scool students in Eastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1-14. |
| [8] | Bonnot, V., & Krauth-Grutber, S. (2016). System-justifying behaviors: When feeling dependent on a system triggers gender stereotype-consistent academic performance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 776-782. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2201. |
| [9] | Brandt, M. J., Kuppens, T., Spears, R., Andrighetto, L., Autin, F., Babincak, P., Badea, C., Bae, J., Batruch, A., Becker, J. C., Bocian, K., Bodroza, B., Bourguignon, D., Bukowski, M., Butera, F., Butler, S. E., Chryssochoou, X., Conway, P., Crawford, J. T., …Zimmerman, J. L. (2020). Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50 (5), 921-942. |
| [10] | Bucheli, M., & Rossi, M. (2017). Attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women in latin America. Discussion Paper No 107: Global Labor Organization (GLO). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/167651 |
| [11] | Caricati, L. (2017). Testing the status-legitimacy hypothesis: A multilevel modeling approach to the perception of legitimacy in income distribution in 36 nations. The Journal of Social Psychology, 157, 532-540. |
| [12] | Elcheroth, G., & Spini, D. (2007). Classes sociales et jugements normatifs de jeunes français: la justification du système par les défavorisés revisitée. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 75-76, 117-131. |
| [13] | Ella Meye, L. C. (2000). L’économie domestique de la domination masculine: droit, violence conjugale et société patriarcale. In L. Sindjoun (Ed), La biographie sociale du sexe: Genre, société et politique au Cameroun (pp. 157-174). Presses de la Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery. |
| [14] | Eslea, M., Menesini, E., Morita, Y., O'Moore, M., Mora-Merchán, JA, Pereira, B., et al. (2003). Amitié et solitude entre intimidateurs et victimes: données provenant de sept pays. Comportement agressif, 30, 71-83. |
| [15] | Foo, L. J. (2002). Hmong women in the US: Changing a patriarchal culture. In L. J. Foo (Ed), Asian American Women: Issues, concerns and responsive human and civil rights advocacy (pp. 145-161). Ford Foundation. |
| [16] | French, M. (1992). La guerre contre les femmes. L’Archipel. |
| [17] | Glick, P., Sakallı-Ugurlu, N., Akbaş, G., Orta, İ. M., Ceylan, S. (2016). Why do women endorse honor beliefs? Ambivalent sexism and religiosity as predictors. Sex Roles, 75, 543-554. |
| [18] | Glick, P., Sakallı-Ugurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C., & De Souza, M. A. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 292-297. |
| [19] | Guracho, Y. D., & Bifftu, B. B. (2018). Women’s attitude and reasons toward justifying domestic violence in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. African Health Science, 18 (4), 1255-1266. |
| [20] | Hawker, D. S. J., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Vingt années de recherche sur la victimisation par les pairs et l’inadaptation psychosociale: une analyse méta-analytique des études transversales. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441-455. |
| [21] | Jost, J. T. (2017a). A theory of system justification. Psychological Science Agenda (PSA). American Psychological Association. |
| [22] | Jost, J. T. (2017b). Working class conservatism: A system justification perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 18, 73-78. |
| [23] | Jost, J. T. (2019). A quarter century of system justification theory: Questions, answers, criticisms, and societal applications. British Journal of Social Psychology. doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12297. |
| [24] | Jost, J. T., & Hunyady, O. (2003). The psychology of system justification and the palliative function of ideology. European Review of Social Psychology, 13 (1), 111-153. |
| [25] | Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system justification and the production of false-consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1-27. |
| [26] | Jost, J. T., Becker, J. C., Osborne, D., & Badaan, V. (2017). Missing in (collective) action: Ideology, system justification, and the motivational antecedents of protest behavior. Current direction in psychological science, 26 (2), 99-108. |
| [27] | Jost, J. T., Chaikalis-Petritsis, V., Abrams, D., Sidanius, J., van der Toorn, J., & Bratt, C. (2012). Why men (and women) do and don’t rebel: Effects of system justification on willingness to protest. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 197-208. |
| [28] | Jost, J. T., & van der Toorn, J. (Eds.). (2012). System justification theory. Handbook of theories of social psychology. Sage. |
| [29] | Jost, J. T., Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: consequences for specific and diffuse form of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509. |
| [30] | Kulwicki, A. D. (2002). The practice of honor crimes: a glimpse of domestic violence in the Arab world. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 77-87. |
| [31] | Laurin, K., Gaucher, D., & Kay, A. C. (2013). Stability and the justification of social inequality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 246-254. |
| [32] | Holy Qur’an. (A. Y. Ali, Trans. & T. Griffith, Ed.). (2001). Woodsworth. |
| [33] | Li, W., Yang, Y., Wu, J., & Kou, Y. (2020). Testing the status-legitimacy hypothesis in China: Objective and subjective socioeconomic status divergently predict system justification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46, 1044-1058. |
| [34] | McCoy, S. K., & Major, B. (2007). Priming meritocracy and the psychological justification of inequality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 341-351. |
| [35] | Napier, J. L., Thorisdottir, H., & Jost, J. T. (2010). The joy of sexism? A multinational investigation of hostile and benevolent justifications for gender inequality and their relations to subjective well-being. Sex Roles, 62, 405-419. |
| [36] | Noor, M., Vollhardt, J. R., Mari, S., & Nadler, A. (2017). The social psychology of collective victimhood. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47 (2), 121-134. |
| [37] | Olweus, D. (1991). Problèmes d'intimidation/de victimisation chez les écoliers: Faits et effets de base d'un programme d'intervention scolaire. In D. Pepler & K. Rubin (Eds.), Le développement et le traitement de l'agression infantile (pp. 411-448). Erlbaum. |
| [38] | Patterson, M. D. (2004). Contextualizing human rights: A response to international family violence. In K. Malley-Morrison (Ed.), International perspectives on family violence and abuse: A cognitive ecological approach (pp. 473-500). Lawrence Erlbaum. |
| [39] | Stroebe, K. (2013). Motivated inaction: When collective disadvantage does not induce collective action. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 1997-2006. |
| [40] | van der Toorn, J., Feinberg, M., Jost, J. T., Kay, A. C., Tyler, T. R., Willer, R., & Wilmuth, C. (2015). A sense of powerlessness fosters system justification: Implications for the legitimation of authority, hierarchy and government. Political Psychology, 36, 93-110. |
| [41] | Vargas-Salfate, S. (2019). The role of personal control in the palliative function of system justification among indigenous and non-indigenous Peruvian students. International Journal of Social Psychology, 34 (1), 168-201. |
| [42] | Vargas-Salfate, S., Paez, D., Khan, S. S., Liu, J. H., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2018). System justification enhances well-being: A longitudinal analysis of the palliative function of system justification in 18 countries. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57, 567-590. |
| [43] | Verniers, C. & Martinot, D. (2014). L’EJSAG, une échelle de Justification du système Spécifique Au Genre: validation auprès d’une population d’adolescents et d’adultes. L’année psychologique, 00, 1-34. |
| [44] | Vogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., Heesacker, M., & Madon, S. (2003). Confirming gender stereotypes: A social role perspective. Behavioral Science, 48, 519-528. |
| [45] | Vollhardt, J. R. (2020). Introduction to the social psychology of collective victimhood: Examining Context, and diversity in experiences of collective victimization. In J. R. Vollhardt (Ed), the social psychology of collective victimhood (pp. 1-34). Oxford University Press. |
| [46] | Vollhardt, J. R., Okuyan, M., & Ünal, H. (2020). Resistance to Collective Victimization and Oppression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 92-97. |
| [47] | Yoshioka, M. R., & DiNoia, J. (2000). The Revised Attitudes toward Wife Abuse Scale: A examination of Asian immigrant and Asian American adults. www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/projects/pmap. |
APA Style
Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo, Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. (2021). Gender System Justification, Gender Differences and Attitudes Towards Women’ Victimization. Social Sciences, 10(2), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14
ACS Style
Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo; Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. Gender System Justification, Gender Differences and Attitudes Towards Women’ Victimization. Soc. Sci. 2021, 10(2), 67-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14
AMA Style
Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo, Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. Gender System Justification, Gender Differences and Attitudes Towards Women’ Victimization. Soc Sci. 2021;10(2):67-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14,
author = {Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo and Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih},
title = {Gender System Justification, Gender Differences and Attitudes Towards Women’ Victimization},
journal = {Social Sciences},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {67-73},
doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20211002.14},
abstract = {According to the literature, women are actively participating in the victimization of their group because of their positive attitude towards established societal norms. This thesis is supported within the theoretical framework of system justification, which defends the thesis that individuals, both men and women, are motivated to perceive existing social arrangements as fair and legitimate. In this sense, it is admitted that women who strongly justify the gender system are less motivated to adopt collective behaviors to improve or challenge the unfavorable position in which they are living. As a result, they are likely to accept or endorse the domestic or family abuse that they are suffering. The present research falls within this perspective. It examines the causal link between gender system justification, gender differences, and attitudes toward women’ victimization. Thus, it formulates the hypothesis that gender difference does not moderate the relationship between willingness to justify the system and attitude towards women’ victimization. Participants are 126 students of both sexes enrolled in different faculties of the University of Dschang (Cameroon). Their age varies between 15 and 41 years (M. = 21.41). They completed a questionnaire measuring, respectively, the willingness to justify the gender system and the attitude towards women’ victimization. The data collected provides empirical support for the hypothesis of the study. They reveal that the relationship between gender system justification and attitudes towards women’ victimization is positive for both women and men. These results reveal the different dispositions through which men and women participate mutually in maintaining asymmetrics gender relations.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Gender System Justification, Gender Differences and Attitudes Towards Women’ Victimization AU - Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo AU - Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih Y1 - 2021/04/23 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14 T2 - Social Sciences JF - Social Sciences JO - Social Sciences SP - 67 EP - 73 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2326-988X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20211002.14 AB - According to the literature, women are actively participating in the victimization of their group because of their positive attitude towards established societal norms. This thesis is supported within the theoretical framework of system justification, which defends the thesis that individuals, both men and women, are motivated to perceive existing social arrangements as fair and legitimate. In this sense, it is admitted that women who strongly justify the gender system are less motivated to adopt collective behaviors to improve or challenge the unfavorable position in which they are living. As a result, they are likely to accept or endorse the domestic or family abuse that they are suffering. The present research falls within this perspective. It examines the causal link between gender system justification, gender differences, and attitudes toward women’ victimization. Thus, it formulates the hypothesis that gender difference does not moderate the relationship between willingness to justify the system and attitude towards women’ victimization. Participants are 126 students of both sexes enrolled in different faculties of the University of Dschang (Cameroon). Their age varies between 15 and 41 years (M. = 21.41). They completed a questionnaire measuring, respectively, the willingness to justify the gender system and the attitude towards women’ victimization. The data collected provides empirical support for the hypothesis of the study. They reveal that the relationship between gender system justification and attitudes towards women’ victimization is positive for both women and men. These results reveal the different dispositions through which men and women participate mutually in maintaining asymmetrics gender relations. VL - 10 IS - 2 ER -
Email: