Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia

Tamirayehu Legesse; Amare Tadesse

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia

Tamirayehu Legesse, Amare Tadesse

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 25 August 2021 Accepted: 30 September 2021 Published: 28 October 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Irrigation could serve as a viable solution to address the problem of food insecurity by increasing, boosting agricultural production. This research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of Gatto irrigation scheme using some selected performance indicators specifically, water delivery performance, conveyance efficiency and maintenance indicators of the scheme with in the investigation period of October to December 2017. The discharge measurement was performed at twelve measuring points on main canal and eight at two secondary cannels by using VALEPORT automatic current meter and 3-inch Parshall flumes for each selected nine tertiary offtakes from three each at the head, middle and tail end of the scheme. Water delivery performance evaluated with respect to adequacy, equity, efficiency and dependability was focused on variability in discharges of water distribution from head to tail reach and, during the crop season from October to December with overall average value equal to 0.70, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.53 respectively. Thus, the irrigation scheme when compared with Molden and Gates (1990) standards was found under poor condition in adequacy, equity and dependability and under good condition in efficiency. Estimated overall water conveyance efficiencies of the main, first and secondary canals were 86.3%, 77.53% and 73.13% respectively. However, the result found in the scheme was smaller than FAO (1989b) recommended value (95%) and (90%) for lined and unlined cannels with clay soil type. The design depth of water based on the design document was 0.42m nevertheless the actual depth of water in the main canal was 0.26 m due to this the relative change of the water level was 38.1% this greater than 0 value indicates that the intended water level in the main canal has not been achieved due to sediment accumulation in the canal. The result of Gatto small scale irrigation scheme of effective of infrastructures is reckoned to be 57.2 percent and sustainability of irrigation scheme is 88%. Many of the structures are demolished and became dysfunctional because of scouring, sedimentation and silt accumulation. Generally, the performance of the system is poor, it mainly results due to inadequate operation and maintenance provisions and over abstraction of water by upstream users. Therefore, adequate maintenance and other suitable management and operation approaches are required to improve the irrigation system performance. So, all stakeholders must work together in order to minimize factors that hinder the good performance of the irrigation system.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
Page(s)	129-144
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Conveyance Efficiency, Equity and Adequacy, Gatto Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Performance, Water Delivery

References

[1]	Aklilu, A. (2006). Assessment of irrigation system at Sille state farm, Ethiopia (MSc Thesis, Arba Minch, Ethiopia).
[2]	Allen, R. G, Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirments. Journal of FAO Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 56, NRMED. Rome, Italy, p300.
[3]	Binoy, M. A., Varghese, S. and Paul, K. (2013). Paul Irrigation system assessment farmers and manager's view. International Journal ofEngineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2, Issue 2, Kothamangalam, India, p 148-159.
[4]	Boss, M. G., Burton, M. A, and Molden, D. J. (2005). Irrigation and drainage performance assessment practical guidelines. Journalof Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, 22, Wallingford, UK, p 28-59.
[5]	Boss, M. G., Murray-Rust, D. H., Merry, D. J., Johnson, H. G and Snellen, W. B. (1994). Methodologies for assessing performance of irrigation and drainage management. Irrigation and Drainage System 7: 231-261.
[6]	Boss, R. (2000). ICID Guidelines on Performance Assessment. Working Group on Performance Indicators and Benchmarking. Rme, Italy: Report on a Workshop 3 and 4 August 200. FAO.
[7]	Cakmak, B., Beyribey, M., Yildırım, Y. E. and Kodal, S.. (2004). Benchmarking performance of irrigation schemes: a case study from Turkey. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, Colombo, SriLanka, p 155-163.
[8]	ChuZhendu. (2001). Report on Small-Scale Integrated Rural Development Project-Identification of Investment Oportunity. Small Scale Development Project in Upper Nille-Jari. Amhara Region, Ethiopia: FAO-SSC/SPFS.
[9]	Cui. Y., Y. Li, Z. Mao, J. Lance and A. Musy,. (2004.). Strategies for Improving the Water Supply System in HCID, Upper Reaches of the yellow River Basin, China. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development. 23 (2): 34-65.
[10]	Dejen, Z. A. (2015). Hydraulic and operational performance of irrigation schemes in view of Water Saving and Sustainablity: Sugar esates and community managed schemes In Ethiopia. CRC Press/Balkema.
[11]	Doorenbos, J., Kassam A. H., Bentvelsen C. L. M., Branscheid V., Plusjé J. M. G. A., Smith M., Uittenbogaard G. O and Van Der Wal H. K.,. (1986). Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33. FAO, Rome.
[12]	FAO. (1985). Guidelines Land Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture. FAO Soils Bulletin 55, Rome.
[13]	FAO. (1989b). Irrigation water management and scheduling. Training manual. FAO, Rome.
[14]	Korkmaz, N. and Avci, M. (2012.). Evaluation of water delivery and irrigation performances at field level: The case of menemen Left Bank irrigation district in Turky. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 5 (2), pp 2079-2089.
[15]	Kuper, M. and Kijne, J. M.. (1992). Irrigation managment in th Fordwash branch command area South East Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of IWMI, Colombo, Sir Lanka.
[16]	Mamuye, T. and Mekonnen, A., 2015. Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Hare Communi Managed Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia.
[17]	Mohsen, A., Kiamura, Y. and Shimizu, K.. (2012). Assessment of irrigation practices at mainIrrigation Network in the Nile Delta. Internationa Journal of Biological, Veternary, Agricultural and Food Engineering, 16 (9). World Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology.
[18]	Molden, D. J., & Gates, T. K. (1990). Performance measures for evaluation of irrigationwater-water-deliverysystems. Journal of irrigationand drainage engineering, 116 (6).
[19]	Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK.
[20]	Rieser, A., Bonn, U., Hoynck, S. and Koln, F. (1998). Irrigation performance in Thailand, problems of monitoring and evaluation.
[21]	Woldeab, Teshome. (2003). Irrigation Practices, State Intervention and Farmers’ Life-Worlds in Drought -Prone Tigray; Ethiopa.
[22]	Yusuf, K. (2004). Assessment of small scale irrigation using comparative performance indicators on two selected schemes in upper Awash River valley Unpublished master thesis,. Alemaya University, Ethiopia.
[23]	Zeleke, A. (2015). Hydraulic and operational performance of irrigation schemes in view of of water saving and Sustainablity, sugar sate and community managed schemes, Ethiopia, PhD Dissertation WageningenUniversity, te Netherlands.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tamirayehu Legesse, Amare Tadesse. (2021). Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 10(5), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Tamirayehu Legesse; Amare Tadesse. Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2021, 10(5), 129-144. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tamirayehu Legesse, Amare Tadesse. Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2021;10(5):129-144. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16,
  author = {Tamirayehu Legesse and Amare Tadesse},
  title = {Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {129-144},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20211005.16},
  abstract = {Irrigation could serve as a viable solution to address the problem of food insecurity by increasing, boosting agricultural production. This research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of Gatto irrigation scheme using some selected performance indicators specifically, water delivery performance, conveyance efficiency and maintenance indicators of the scheme with in the investigation period of October to December 2017. The discharge measurement was performed at twelve measuring points on main canal and eight at two secondary cannels by using VALEPORT automatic current meter and 3-inch Parshall flumes for each selected nine tertiary offtakes from three each at the head, middle and tail end of the scheme. Water delivery performance evaluated with respect to adequacy, equity, efficiency and dependability was focused on variability in discharges of water distribution from head to tail reach and, during the crop season from October to December with overall average value equal to 0.70, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.53 respectively. Thus, the irrigation scheme when compared with Molden and Gates (1990) standards was found under poor condition in adequacy, equity and dependability and under good condition in efficiency. Estimated overall water conveyance efficiencies of the main, first and secondary canals were 86.3%, 77.53% and 73.13% respectively. However, the result found in the scheme was smaller than FAO (1989b) recommended value (95%) and (90%) for lined and unlined cannels with clay soil type. The design depth of water based on the design document was 0.42m nevertheless the actual depth of water in the main canal was 0.26 m due to this the relative change of the water level was 38.1% this greater than 0 value indicates that the intended water level in the main canal has not been achieved due to sediment accumulation in the canal. The result of Gatto small scale irrigation scheme of effective of infrastructures is reckoned to be 57.2 percent and sustainability of irrigation scheme is 88%. Many of the structures are demolished and became dysfunctional because of scouring, sedimentation and silt accumulation. Generally, the performance of the system is poor, it mainly results due to inadequate operation and maintenance provisions and over abstraction of water by upstream users. Therefore, adequate maintenance and other suitable management and operation approaches are required to improve the irrigation system performance. So, all stakeholders must work together in order to minimize factors that hinder the good performance of the irrigation system.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia
AU  - Tamirayehu Legesse
AU  - Amare Tadesse
Y1  - 2021/10/28
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 129
EP  - 144
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
AB  - Irrigation could serve as a viable solution to address the problem of food insecurity by increasing, boosting agricultural production. This research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of Gatto irrigation scheme using some selected performance indicators specifically, water delivery performance, conveyance efficiency and maintenance indicators of the scheme with in the investigation period of October to December 2017. The discharge measurement was performed at twelve measuring points on main canal and eight at two secondary cannels by using VALEPORT automatic current meter and 3-inch Parshall flumes for each selected nine tertiary offtakes from three each at the head, middle and tail end of the scheme. Water delivery performance evaluated with respect to adequacy, equity, efficiency and dependability was focused on variability in discharges of water distribution from head to tail reach and, during the crop season from October to December with overall average value equal to 0.70, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.53 respectively. Thus, the irrigation scheme when compared with Molden and Gates (1990) standards was found under poor condition in adequacy, equity and dependability and under good condition in efficiency. Estimated overall water conveyance efficiencies of the main, first and secondary canals were 86.3%, 77.53% and 73.13% respectively. However, the result found in the scheme was smaller than FAO (1989b) recommended value (95%) and (90%) for lined and unlined cannels with clay soil type. The design depth of water based on the design document was 0.42m nevertheless the actual depth of water in the main canal was 0.26 m due to this the relative change of the water level was 38.1% this greater than 0 value indicates that the intended water level in the main canal has not been achieved due to sediment accumulation in the canal. The result of Gatto small scale irrigation scheme of effective of infrastructures is reckoned to be 57.2 percent and sustainability of irrigation scheme is 88%. Many of the structures are demolished and became dysfunctional because of scouring, sedimentation and silt accumulation. Generally, the performance of the system is poor, it mainly results due to inadequate operation and maintenance provisions and over abstraction of water by upstream users. Therefore, adequate maintenance and other suitable management and operation approaches are required to improve the irrigation system performance. So, all stakeholders must work together in order to minimize factors that hinder the good performance of the irrigation system.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Tamirayehu Legesse

Faculty of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Arbaminch Water Technology Institute, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
Amare Tadesse

Faculty of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Arbaminch Water Technology Institute, Arbaminch, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tamirayehu Legesse, Amare Tadesse. (2021). Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 10(5), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Tamirayehu Legesse; Amare Tadesse. Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2021, 10(5), 129-144. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tamirayehu Legesse, Amare Tadesse. Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2021;10(5):129-144. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16,
  author = {Tamirayehu Legesse and Amare Tadesse},
  title = {Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {129-144},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20211005.16},
  abstract = {Irrigation could serve as a viable solution to address the problem of food insecurity by increasing, boosting agricultural production. This research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of Gatto irrigation scheme using some selected performance indicators specifically, water delivery performance, conveyance efficiency and maintenance indicators of the scheme with in the investigation period of October to December 2017. The discharge measurement was performed at twelve measuring points on main canal and eight at two secondary cannels by using VALEPORT automatic current meter and 3-inch Parshall flumes for each selected nine tertiary offtakes from three each at the head, middle and tail end of the scheme. Water delivery performance evaluated with respect to adequacy, equity, efficiency and dependability was focused on variability in discharges of water distribution from head to tail reach and, during the crop season from October to December with overall average value equal to 0.70, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.53 respectively. Thus, the irrigation scheme when compared with Molden and Gates (1990) standards was found under poor condition in adequacy, equity and dependability and under good condition in efficiency. Estimated overall water conveyance efficiencies of the main, first and secondary canals were 86.3%, 77.53% and 73.13% respectively. However, the result found in the scheme was smaller than FAO (1989b) recommended value (95%) and (90%) for lined and unlined cannels with clay soil type. The design depth of water based on the design document was 0.42m nevertheless the actual depth of water in the main canal was 0.26 m due to this the relative change of the water level was 38.1% this greater than 0 value indicates that the intended water level in the main canal has not been achieved due to sediment accumulation in the canal. The result of Gatto small scale irrigation scheme of effective of infrastructures is reckoned to be 57.2 percent and sustainability of irrigation scheme is 88%. Many of the structures are demolished and became dysfunctional because of scouring, sedimentation and silt accumulation. Generally, the performance of the system is poor, it mainly results due to inadequate operation and maintenance provisions and over abstraction of water by upstream users. Therefore, adequate maintenance and other suitable management and operation approaches are required to improve the irrigation system performance. So, all stakeholders must work together in order to minimize factors that hinder the good performance of the irrigation system.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance and Conveyance Efficiency in Gatto Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Southern, Ethiopia
AU  - Tamirayehu Legesse
AU  - Amare Tadesse
Y1  - 2021/10/28
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 129
EP  - 144
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211005.16
AB  - Irrigation could serve as a viable solution to address the problem of food insecurity by increasing, boosting agricultural production. This research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of Gatto irrigation scheme using some selected performance indicators specifically, water delivery performance, conveyance efficiency and maintenance indicators of the scheme with in the investigation period of October to December 2017. The discharge measurement was performed at twelve measuring points on main canal and eight at two secondary cannels by using VALEPORT automatic current meter and 3-inch Parshall flumes for each selected nine tertiary offtakes from three each at the head, middle and tail end of the scheme. Water delivery performance evaluated with respect to adequacy, equity, efficiency and dependability was focused on variability in discharges of water distribution from head to tail reach and, during the crop season from October to December with overall average value equal to 0.70, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.53 respectively. Thus, the irrigation scheme when compared with Molden and Gates (1990) standards was found under poor condition in adequacy, equity and dependability and under good condition in efficiency. Estimated overall water conveyance efficiencies of the main, first and secondary canals were 86.3%, 77.53% and 73.13% respectively. However, the result found in the scheme was smaller than FAO (1989b) recommended value (95%) and (90%) for lined and unlined cannels with clay soil type. The design depth of water based on the design document was 0.42m nevertheless the actual depth of water in the main canal was 0.26 m due to this the relative change of the water level was 38.1% this greater than 0 value indicates that the intended water level in the main canal has not been achieved due to sediment accumulation in the canal. The result of Gatto small scale irrigation scheme of effective of infrastructures is reckoned to be 57.2 percent and sustainability of irrigation scheme is 88%. Many of the structures are demolished and became dysfunctional because of scouring, sedimentation and silt accumulation. Generally, the performance of the system is poor, it mainly results due to inadequate operation and maintenance provisions and over abstraction of water by upstream users. Therefore, adequate maintenance and other suitable management and operation approaches are required to improve the irrigation system performance. So, all stakeholders must work together in order to minimize factors that hinder the good performance of the irrigation system.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download