The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco

Yazami Ztait Mohammed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco

Yazami Ztait Mohammed

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 3 June 2022 Accepted: 20 June 2022 Published: 5 July 2022

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Abstract

In this paper, we present the study's results of the fluvial erosion aspects in the Sebou valley, between River Inaouene and River Bouchabel in the Pre-Rif mountains. On the one hand, we analyzed the hydrodynamic factors interfering in the erosion, and on the other hand, we studied the types of banks exposed to the fluvial erosion processes and the degree of their deterioration. In order to achieve our objectives, this research was based on observation and interviews with the local population, fluvial erosion measurements, literature reviews, and the adoption of statistical series of precipitation and water flow for the Dar Al-Arsa station. As results, we found that despite the presence of the Allal El Fassi dam in the upstream of Sebou valley and the presence of the Idris I dam in the upstream of Inaouene valley, the water flow of Sebou between the Inaouene valley and the Bouchabel valley is characterized by important flood periods that erode the river banks, where the maximum flow in the studied field exceeds 400 m³/s, as in the cases of 2008 and 2010. This results in a variety of erosive phenomena, either directly, by the erosion of the banks under the effect of the floods, or indirectly due to landslides of the marl slopes overlooking the main river, which causes a continuous degradation of the river banks, with a rate of 7m per year. These hydromorphological processes contribute to a significant dynamic evolution of the meanders within the alluvial plain. Therefore, we summarizing the recommendations in the tracking of the studied channel status and configure it for the hazard.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
Page(s)	30-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sebou, Floods, Banks Erosion, Geomorphological Impacts

References

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[2]	Avenard J. M. (1965). Current erosion in the Sebou basin. Inst. Nat. Rech. Agron., Rabat, Ronéo. 114 p.
[3]	Bravard J. P. & Petit F. (1997). Rivers, Dynamics of the river system. Univ Paris IV. Sorbonne. University of Liege, France. Masson Publishers, Armand colin, paris. 215p.
[4]	Chapuis M. (2012). Mobility of coarse river sediments in highly anthropized systems: elements for the management of the lower valley of the Durance. Thesis in geography. University of Aix Marseille. CEREGE, France. 223p.
[5]	Corbonnois J, Jacquemot Th, Giovannaci L, Beck Th. & El Ghachi M. (2011). Indicators of the current evolution of riverbeds. Study of rivers in the North-East of France. Univ de Maine, UFR Letter, Language, and Humanities. Inddigo design office, Toulouse. Project manager at the Ballons des Vosges Natural Park. Univ Paul Verlaine-Metz, UFR Human Sciences and Arts. Univ Sultan Moulay Slimane, FLSH, Beni Mellal. Geographical Review of the East. Vol 51/3-4, 1-16.
[6]	Devleeschouwer X. (2009). Sedimentology course (GEOL-F-204), Mechanical erosion process. Free University of Brussels. University of Europe. 110p.
[7]	Donatella P. Claudio C, Stevo L, and Attilio T., 2019. The Long-Term Effects of Land Use and Climate Changes on the Hydro-Morphology of the Reno River Catchment (Northern Italy). Water 2019, 11, 1831; doi: 10.3390/w11091831. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Pp. 1-16.
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[10]	Taous A. (2005). Fluvial geomorphodynamics: Morphosedimentary processes, spatio-temporal adjustment, paleoenvironments, and felt mutation of fluvial spaces. Publications of the FLSH, Sais-Fez, “Thesis and monograph” series, N°11, 415p.
[11]	Taous A. (2013). Watercourses and river landscapes of Morocco: a fragile natural heritage to be protected. Work: Heritage resources and local development in Morocco and Andalusia. Pub. FLSH know – Fez, n°26, 125 -151.
[12]	Peijia W, Kaidao F, Jiangcheng H, Xingwu D. & Zaizhi Y. (2020). Morphological changes in the lower Lancang River due to extensive human activities. Review PeerJ. Jul 23; 8: e9471. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9471. eCollection, 1-21.
[13]	Valenza J. M, Edmonds D. A, Hwang T & Roy S. (2020). Downstream changes in river avulsion style are related to channel morphology. Revue nature communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15859-9 \| www.nature.com/naturecommunications, 1-8.
[14]	Yazami Ztait M, Taleb A, Ouali Alami F-T. (2021). Morphology of the river area in the Middle Sebou River, between Inaouene river basin and Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. International Journal of Current Science Research and Development. Vol. 01, Issue. 03, 131-135.
[15]	Yazami Ztait M, Samaa I, El Ghachi M, Taleb A, Ouali Alami F-T. (2020). Water resources in the light of climatic variability in the middle Sebou, between the two stations Azzaba and Dar El Arsa. African Scientific Journal, Volume 3, Number 3, 111-135.

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APA Style

Yazami Ztait Mohammed. (2022). The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 11(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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ACS Style

Yazami Ztait Mohammed. The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2022, 11(2), 30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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AMA Style

Yazami Ztait Mohammed. The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2022;11(2):30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11,
  author = {Yazami Ztait Mohammed},
  title = {The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20221102.11},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present the study's results of the fluvial erosion aspects in the Sebou valley, between River Inaouene and River Bouchabel in the Pre-Rif mountains. On the one hand, we analyzed the hydrodynamic factors interfering in the erosion, and on the other hand, we studied the types of banks exposed to the fluvial erosion processes and the degree of their deterioration. In order to achieve our objectives, this research was based on observation and interviews with the local population, fluvial erosion measurements, literature reviews, and the adoption of statistical series of precipitation and water flow for the Dar Al-Arsa station. As results, we found that despite the presence of the Allal El Fassi dam in the upstream of Sebou valley and the presence of the Idris I dam in the upstream of Inaouene valley, the water flow of Sebou between the Inaouene valley and the Bouchabel valley is characterized by important flood periods that erode the river banks, where the maximum flow in the studied field exceeds 400 m3/s, as in the cases of 2008 and 2010. This results in a variety of erosive phenomena, either directly, by the erosion of the banks under the effect of the floods, or indirectly due to landslides of the marl slopes overlooking the main river, which causes a continuous degradation of the river banks, with a rate of 7m per year. These hydromorphological processes contribute to a significant dynamic evolution of the meanders within the alluvial plain. Therefore, we summarizing the recommendations in the tracking of the studied channel status and configure it for the hazard.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco
AU  - Yazami Ztait Mohammed
Y1  - 2022/07/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 30
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
AB  - In this paper, we present the study's results of the fluvial erosion aspects in the Sebou valley, between River Inaouene and River Bouchabel in the Pre-Rif mountains. On the one hand, we analyzed the hydrodynamic factors interfering in the erosion, and on the other hand, we studied the types of banks exposed to the fluvial erosion processes and the degree of their deterioration. In order to achieve our objectives, this research was based on observation and interviews with the local population, fluvial erosion measurements, literature reviews, and the adoption of statistical series of precipitation and water flow for the Dar Al-Arsa station. As results, we found that despite the presence of the Allal El Fassi dam in the upstream of Sebou valley and the presence of the Idris I dam in the upstream of Inaouene valley, the water flow of Sebou between the Inaouene valley and the Bouchabel valley is characterized by important flood periods that erode the river banks, where the maximum flow in the studied field exceeds 400 m3/s, as in the cases of 2008 and 2010. This results in a variety of erosive phenomena, either directly, by the erosion of the banks under the effect of the floods, or indirectly due to landslides of the marl slopes overlooking the main river, which causes a continuous degradation of the river banks, with a rate of 7m per year. These hydromorphological processes contribute to a significant dynamic evolution of the meanders within the alluvial plain. Therefore, we summarizing the recommendations in the tracking of the studied channel status and configure it for the hazard.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Yazami Ztait Mohammed

Physical Geography, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Sais-Fez, Morocco

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APA Style

Yazami Ztait Mohammed. (2022). The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 11(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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ACS Style

Yazami Ztait Mohammed. The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2022, 11(2), 30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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AMA Style

Yazami Ztait Mohammed. The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2022;11(2):30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11,
  author = {Yazami Ztait Mohammed},
  title = {The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20221102.11},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present the study's results of the fluvial erosion aspects in the Sebou valley, between River Inaouene and River Bouchabel in the Pre-Rif mountains. On the one hand, we analyzed the hydrodynamic factors interfering in the erosion, and on the other hand, we studied the types of banks exposed to the fluvial erosion processes and the degree of their deterioration. In order to achieve our objectives, this research was based on observation and interviews with the local population, fluvial erosion measurements, literature reviews, and the adoption of statistical series of precipitation and water flow for the Dar Al-Arsa station. As results, we found that despite the presence of the Allal El Fassi dam in the upstream of Sebou valley and the presence of the Idris I dam in the upstream of Inaouene valley, the water flow of Sebou between the Inaouene valley and the Bouchabel valley is characterized by important flood periods that erode the river banks, where the maximum flow in the studied field exceeds 400 m3/s, as in the cases of 2008 and 2010. This results in a variety of erosive phenomena, either directly, by the erosion of the banks under the effect of the floods, or indirectly due to landslides of the marl slopes overlooking the main river, which causes a continuous degradation of the river banks, with a rate of 7m per year. These hydromorphological processes contribute to a significant dynamic evolution of the meanders within the alluvial plain. Therefore, we summarizing the recommendations in the tracking of the studied channel status and configure it for the hazard.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Dynamic Development of the Sebou Valley and Its Impact on the River Domain Between Oued Inaouene and Oued Bouchabel (Pre-Rif) Morocco
AU  - Yazami Ztait Mohammed
Y1  - 2022/07/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 30
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20221102.11
AB  - In this paper, we present the study's results of the fluvial erosion aspects in the Sebou valley, between River Inaouene and River Bouchabel in the Pre-Rif mountains. On the one hand, we analyzed the hydrodynamic factors interfering in the erosion, and on the other hand, we studied the types of banks exposed to the fluvial erosion processes and the degree of their deterioration. In order to achieve our objectives, this research was based on observation and interviews with the local population, fluvial erosion measurements, literature reviews, and the adoption of statistical series of precipitation and water flow for the Dar Al-Arsa station. As results, we found that despite the presence of the Allal El Fassi dam in the upstream of Sebou valley and the presence of the Idris I dam in the upstream of Inaouene valley, the water flow of Sebou between the Inaouene valley and the Bouchabel valley is characterized by important flood periods that erode the river banks, where the maximum flow in the studied field exceeds 400 m3/s, as in the cases of 2008 and 2010. This results in a variety of erosive phenomena, either directly, by the erosion of the banks under the effect of the floods, or indirectly due to landslides of the marl slopes overlooking the main river, which causes a continuous degradation of the river banks, with a rate of 7m per year. These hydromorphological processes contribute to a significant dynamic evolution of the meanders within the alluvial plain. Therefore, we summarizing the recommendations in the tracking of the studied channel status and configure it for the hazard.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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